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In other cases, funds included in emergency supplemental appropriations bills support activities not obviously related to actual emergencies, such as parts of the Census of Population and Housing. Certain technical data valves, cam type is available for MY onward. Apart from sunlight, only two things are needed for food, CO2 and H2O.

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He has seven years experience working with Fortune companies and SMEs on sustainability and corporate social responsibility CSR strategy design and implementation. If no email come, most likely it is blocked by anti-SPAM filters. If lost, it can be practical to write out a question on paper in simple words and give it to someone young, preferably high school or college students, who will likely be able to point you in the right direction. One plus one mobile price in india and features Effort is therefore constantly required by the organising forces, just to keep it reasonably stable. Chemical laws for distribution of CO2 in nature starting on page three. These cars are identified by special placards and stickers on the train and platform, which also designate the times that women-only cars are in effect.

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So is anyone who talks about Climate Change and Climate Change denial actually clear on what climate change is happening, in Australia for example. Tipping effectively does not exist in Japan, and attempting to offer tips can often be seen as an insult.

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August 2, at Visibly foreign visitors remain a rarity in many parts of Japan outside of major cities, and you will likely encounter moments when entering a shop causes the staff to seemingly panic and scurry off into the back. Car sales figures Table with number of cars sold in Europe, United States and China, by make and model. Rural buses and private lines usually do not accept any electronic cards. Limestone strata can be found in virtually every world region, except for the deeper ocean realms. Q When you make the purchase of the cell phone, can you give me the following information:

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20.03.2018 - See our FAQ's here: Optimum Balanced budget Economic growth Price stability. For sorting through transport schedules and fares, Hitachi's Hyperdia is an invaluable companion; it computes directions including all the various connecting train options. Mizuho trains run from Osaka to Kumamoto in 3 hours, and Osaka to Kagoshima in 3 hours, 45 minutes. You could win a trip to Bali courtesy of The Nomadic Vegan. Tell Frigidaire what's on your pizza to win

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05.03.2018 - Gorilla in the mist tip-toeing through the tulips? A vetoed bill is sent back to Congress, which can pass it into law with a two-thirds majority in each chamber. Tell Sony what's your favourite new feature on their flagship phone to win a Xperia XZ1. I am looking for potential customers in Europe interested in this thing! On the Japanican ticket you cannot stop off in between, nor go beyond your ticket destination. They are made from CO2 as are we.

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24.02.2018 - Sandy Berger even swore under oath that the President was not told about nuclear thefts untilthree years after the fact…. Jul 11, 5 … At least 75, head of cattle killed by the cold — Bolivia. Japan is not as expensive as its reputation implies. Baseball is hugely popular in Japan and the popularity is a historical one baseball was first introduced in Japan around s by an American professor. It seems that they are allowed for only women, however, actually JR allow children under 6-year-old, people who are physically handicapped and their caregivers can get women-only cars. JoNova A perfectly good civilization is going to waste….

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The original version of Car Models List in. This is intended for consulting and reading only. Same cars like in Car Models List but displayed in an easy-to-visualize timeline chart to study car models organization..

DOC with car models, dimensions, weight, list of engines. BMW i, d, d xDrive, etc. Car length over history. Useful for garage builders and students researching car evolution. Takes weeks to complete and will cost euro for 1st customer.

I am a student doing a non-profit research…. The price reflect my efforts and quality of work. Show me where you can find a cheaper auto database with comparable amount of data and updated regularly!

I cannot verify if you make profit or not. Download links are set to expire in 1 year, you can click the link again anytime you want to download latest updates.

Do you provide API to avoid needing re-downloading each time you update? I do not have sufficient experience to create API. But YOU can help! I am 1-person business with no employees so there is no reason to register a company.

The CEO of one company got idea to pay from his personal account rather than company account, to avoid needing invoice to explain his purchase. You can do the same, tell to your boss to pay from personal account.

Sometimes I go shopping on eBay. What does mean present? Does it exclude first 2 years of Mercedes C-Class? Mercedes is included after, Audi after, etc. I discovered another easy-to-scrap website in October when a customer interested in MSRP suggested me to do scraping from that website and create a new database for American market, then in November another customer asked me for specific data so I offered to sell him same database, re-scraped to include all specifications.

After selling privately to 2 customers, both interested in models only, I decided to scrap all models and publish database on website so everyone can purchase.

Scraping job takes 80 hours at speed of 6 seconds per page, which I will be doing again every update. While specifications for each individual car are pretty accurate, filtering cars of a specific class may be a trouble, because it contains multiple values having same meaning: Model hierarchy is slightly messed, for example Jetta is, , , New Jetta is, Jetta Sedan, etc.

If you care about accuracy and can eliminate several specs, you are advised to buy Year-Make-Model-Trim-Specs instead, which beside nearly perfect specs accuracy, it have a manually-built list of URLs thus I was able to improve model hierarchy, correct errors and add additional data not included in the source website.

Tell me what are you looking for, I may customize a database or create a new database according your requirements, and for future customers who may want same thing, you can help me to make database usable for applications that it was not originally planned.

I am an independent businessman who likes serving as many customers is possible. Large projects can be done only in the fields of my personal interest OR if there is demand from multiple people.

I sell each database in several standard packages, for example Year-Make-Model-Trim-Specs have packages Trims, Basic Specs, Full Specs, also all cars and new cars only But you can ask me to create a custom package if:.

If you need updates you need to contact me and I will email you. I have developed the databases initially as stand-alone products intended for visualization in Excel, not expecting that people will want to integrate them in websites or other applications.

Until december I had only 2 databases with specs for sale: Surprisingly, in just one month 4 people bought such XLS list of models without specs, outselling the other 2 products. Many thanks to anonymous from Turkey.

Later renamed to Year-Make-Model. December, this boosted sales a lot. Now I am sad by thinking that I lost potential buyers who were needing Fuel type column too, they went away instead of telling me to add it?

What are YOU looking for? Learning web scraping in opened a new era, now I can create totally new databases with minimum of effort, not limited automobiles or other fields of personal interests, by writing scripts that visit a certain website and extract specific data and put it into an Excel database.

Do not just tell me what data do you need and expect me to do research on the web to find that particular data. You need to provide URL of a website containing the data you need and I will make the scraping script.

The resulted database will match the original website, which may be or may be not the format you need. In 3 years, 2 people asked me to make a database of buildings for their exclusive use.

BUT if you want to be exclusive user of a database, I will no longer like this job. You need to pay a price equivalent with the estimated sales for one year. Exclusive use is probably impossible.

If you want I can avoid publishing your database on website, but I reserve right to sell to other people if they ask for same kind of database. Contact me for custom packages!

For example you can ask for model naming, engine power and torque, wheels and tire dimensions. Price will be 0. I created this page in May for marketing experiment to see how many people view Australia page and decide whenever worth my effort to create a car database for a country with such small population which may translate in just few sales of automobile database per year.

The page got very low traffic for one year, but during last days of May I got 2 people interested in purchasing an Australian car database, so I started studying possible sources of data, another 2 people left comments on 3 and 4 June, they asked me to scrap data from several possible websites despite of the legal issues of scraping — HAD TO DO IT to serve people who had no other choice.

Scraping took about 10 days, and published database on 16 June In November, first customer asked for an update, and when tried to do it, I noticed that the source website removed META tags for year, make, model, so the only place where these essential information are displayed is page title, year, make, model, and badge are in a single field, requiring me to manually separate them after each update.

Update takes days and beside adding new cars I also scrap cars of last year, to include possible changes in data after initial model launch. November update include makes: Percentages calculated for database.

If you buy, , etc, you will get higher completion ratio. Warranty in Years from First Registration After about 10 sales, saw first person who ask for an update. Fan-made website means less restrictive in terms of copyright.

You are free to use this data on your own website. Already seen a website motociclisti. There is possible that Bikez. You can open sample file and click Statistics sheet for full list of makes.

For SEO purposes I list here the 55 makes with more than models:. Chassis, suspension, brakes and wheels: Physical measures and capacities: Dry weight kg Looking for more data? Detailed by body type?

Or detailed by engine version? World War II — present. Few pre-war classic automobiles are included too, if they are related with post-war ones. The list include model generations example: VW Golf IV, platforms example: BMW E46 , chassis code example: Mercedes W, with exact years of production for each of them.

Commercial vehicles under 3. Should I continue writing descriptions? However we cannot know how complete is Wikipedia. Currently the Excel table contains names used in European, American markets plus the country of origin European name is shown the first.

Car Models List excel database include only all-new models, NOT mid-life facelifts because of impossibility to identify all minor modifications of a car model. If you want breakdown by every minor change in body design, you can buy Car Models Database.

Car engine range displacement, horsepower and top speed, for present except for cars not sold in Europe. Add-on with cars produced in India, Brazil and Argentina added during You are advised to NOT change sorting order for example do not sort models alphabetically.

There are NO list of car engines. List as September Italic makes to be added in next release. Additional minor makes may be added in the future. Car Models Database Timeline version.

This was the only database format since to December, when I re-sorted database alphabetically and sold both versions in same package but the timeline had a lag in updates. I will recheck every car and add correct dimensions, weight and engine range from the expanded bigger database.

May I know how are you using these 4 columns? I am questioning if this is the best format or I can improve it even further, for example I am thinking to remove facelift from model names, and add instead production years to differentiate pre - and post-facelift models.

Whenever you can use it or not, you decide. Choose which suit you better. A proper car trim database, filtered from trim duplicates, require additional dozens of hours of work too much considering how many sales it can get.

Should do this job? Lexus LS short and long wheelbase, Ford F short and long truck bed, etc. Try to turn up the volume of the handset; 3. Try to change mobile signal in your area might be poor; 4.

Hope you may understand us. We will improve it as soon as possible. G-W warehouse is in Spain. G-W-5 warehouse is in Czech Republic. G-W-6 warehouse is in France.

Q support android 8. This item is Android 7. Package Contents Cell Phone: Q is the power adapter compatible with the Mexican standard? A Hello Martin, It just can work with below Network: Let me know if you need any further assistance.

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Q does it have playstore installed? A Hello Ramadhan, Thanks for your inquiry. Yes, the item comes with Google Play Store. Q Portuguese Brasil Language? Let me know if you need any help. Q is it supports jio sim?

A Hello sreejith, It just can support below Network: A Hello Sam, We are sorry it doesn't has. Q Hello, What version are you selling? A Dear Gerson, Thank you for your inquiry.

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Boleto Bancario via Ebanx Available payment methods depend on your country. Q Hi, why can't i order the phone from G-W warehouse? Q how many days do you need for delivery to Europe Italy?

A Hello ciccio, Generally, most of our items will be shipped within business days after payment. Please refer to our shipping estimations below: We have 3 methods of delivery, the estimated shipping times are below: A Hello dijey, I have checked this for you.

We will aim at improving this as soon as possible. Q If I order this phone today. A Hello Ki, Generally, most of our items will be shipped within business days after payment.

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Q Hello there, Can you explain me, Coupon usage? A Hello RossenD, It means that the coupon can only be used for the top 10 items from 9: You need to grab the item form the limited time.

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Exzellentes Low Budget Phone. Keine, bin absolut begeistert und zufrieden. Looks easiest to carry around as a daily driver, plus the screen appears to be the most bezel-less of the budgeted phones.

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Jorudan is a similar service, but with fewer options for exploring alternate routes. A lighter version that just includes limited express, sleeper and bullet trains shinkansen is available from the Japan National Tourist Organization's [7] overseas offices.

Timetables for the Tokaido, Sanyo and Kyushu shinkansen can also be viewed in English at Macoto's Tabi-o-ji timetable site [12]. Both Hyperdia and Tabi-o-ji offer schedule searches that exclude Nozomi and Mizuho services, which will benefit holders of the Japan Rail Pass see below.

While the search tools find the best connections, having the timetable for an infrequently served station handy can make for a pleasant trip when going to more scenic destinations.

You should also note that, in smaller stations, there is usually a large sign or poster with the timetable near the gate which you can quickly take a photo of with your phone or digital camera for easy reference later.

In Japanese cities, a place's address is useful for mail, but it's nearly useless for actually getting there. Most places are described in terms of the walking distance from the nearest train station, and relative to local landmarks.

Business cards very often have little maps printed on the back to make navigation easier at least if you can read Japanese. In addition, many train stations have maps of the local area that can help you find a destination if it is reasonably close to the station.

Japan's railways are fast, highly efficient and cover the majority of the country, making this the transport mode of choice for most visitors. The first and most confusing aspect of Japan's railway system especially within large cities like Tokyo that you will encounter is the overlap of several private railway networks with the JR network.

Tokyo also has two separate subway companies and these lines offer through service to lines of a half dozen other companies servicing locations further out.

You can use Hyperdia or other search tools to simplify the confusion, but once you get the hang of it, the maps should be sufficient. When searching a route, you should also note that many companies have their own stations in similar locations to JR stations, and these usually have the company name as a prefix.

You should note that Japanese trains, and most other forms of mass transit, nearly always leave and arrive promptly on time, following the published schedule to the minute. If you are late, you will miss the train!

Note that most trains do not operate 24 hours, for example in Tokyo the last train will generally begin its run around midnight and the first train will generally begin its run around If you are planning to be out late and are relying on the train to get home, be sure to find out when the last train is leaving and account for the last train of any connections.

The JR network is extensive as one would expect from what used to be the national rail system now privately owned and split into regional companies. The JR group operates the Shinkansen lines, as well as a multitude of regional and urban mass transit lines.

In the countryside the group companies also often run bus services to connect places that don't have a rail service. However, the JR network is not a monopoly and urban lines are operated by other private rail networks.

Often rural lines, even some that were formally part of JR, are operated by semi-private often called third sector entities owned by local governments. Typically, these lines would be the final leg of a journey, perhaps servicing a popular temple or other attraction.

One of the best options for visitors who plan to do a lot of traveling is the Japan Rail Pass [13] , which allows unlimited travel on almost all JR trains, including the Shinkansen bullet train, for a fixed period of 7, 14 or 21 consecutive days.

You should also note that there are other passes for particular regions, so if you are only or primarily interested in a certain area, you may want to consider a local or regional pass.

It is important to remember as well that while you can save a lot of money using a rail pass, it is not a guaranteed money saver, and those traveling too little or at a very slow pace could in fact lose money using the pass.

The pass can be purchased outside of Japan from specific vendors, and from at least Mar 8, to Mar 31, , as part of a trial basis, the Japan Rail Pass will be available for direct purchase in Japan at a select number of major airports and train stations, though at a higher price.

When purchasing outside of Japan, you are given an Exchange Order which can be exchanged at most larger JR stations in Japan, including all of the stations nearest to airports, for the Rail Pass itself.

You can designate it to start immediately, or a future date. However, the days of use start and end at midnight, so if you activate your pass immediately to use at 7 PM, your first "day", would be just 5 hours long.

Dedicated counters specifically for Rail Pass exchanges exist at some stations such as Tokyo and Nagoya stations, but most stations issue passes from the travel center, or occasionally, the main information desk; because this is separated from the main ticket office.

Wait times vary from often long lines at Narita Airport to generally low in smaller cities and as soon as you receive the pass you can generally make all your planned reservation immediately with the same person giving you the pass.

The seat reservations are free, so even if you are not entirely settled with your plans, you can reserve everything at the start and make changes later at no cost.

Also, many trains fill up far in advance, particularly around holidays, and also many special excursion trains can sell out well in advance, and you can only make advance reservations after receiving your pass, and even if the route is sold out, attempting to reserve your seats early will also allow you time make any changes to your plans that may be needed.

You should also note that you can start your pass up to one month from the date you turn in the exchange order, but you can make reservations as soon as you receive the pass, so even if you want to, for example, spend a week in Tokyo before traveling to further locations, you should exchange for your pass and make reservations as early as possible.

Regional JR companies also sell their own passes that cover certain parts of the country. Regional passes sometimes also cover private lines in the covered area, so if you are spending several days in a particular area, it may pay to consider a regional pass.

Nearly all of these can be purchased in the country at any major JR station in the coverage area, but they're still mostly limited to individuals with a temporary visitor visa status.

From north to south:. When you make any rail journey, you will need to show the Rail Pass at the manned ticket barrier. This is inconvenient if there is a queue, but it is usually acceptable to flash your pass at the ticket-taker as you slip past the other customers transacting business with JR.

The most popular itinerary for travelers is spending some time seeing the Tokyo Kanto area, and then heading down to see the Kansai area particularly Kyoto, Nara, Osaka, Kobe, and Himeji.

For those leaving Tokyo for Kansai and returning within a week, there is one good alternative to consider instead of the full JR Rail Pass. The Japanican Discount Ticket is considerably cheaper than the 7 day JR Rail Pass, allows you to take the fastest bullet train, the Nozomi, getting you there 30 minutes faster, and also includes one free day of local transportation.

Ticket buyers must be on a temporary visitor status, and choose to purchase either the Kyoto ticket [17] or Osaka ticket. On the Japanican ticket you cannot stop off in between, nor go beyond your ticket destination.

Seating on trains is unreserved only, and travel between cities in the Kansai area is not covered. That said, with the considerably cheaper price it is still easy to buy regular tickets for trains in the Kansai area and still save money over the JR Pass.

Another option is the Platt Kodama Ticket [19] which offers a modest discount over regular rail fares traveling between Tokyo and Osaka. Travel must be by the Kodama bullet train, which stops at every single bullet train station.

Tickets must be purchased at least one day prior to departure. This ticket is best for travelers on a tight budget, have an abundance of time, or plan to stop at one of the more minor stations that other bullet trains bypass.

Better yet, unlike the Rail Pass, the days do not have to be consecutive. You can even split a ticket so that for example one person uses it for two days and another for three days.

The main catches are that tickets are only valid on local trains and that tickets are valid only during school holidays March-April, July-September, December-January, so you need good timing and plenty of time on your hands to use it.

It can take several times longer however to reach your destination than by express trains or Shinkansen, and the Seishun 18 Ticket is not suited for those with limited time. You can buy these at most stations, but if you buy it at the airport, you can often receive some discount.

These passes work on buses as well. Likewise other IC smart card are also usable in metro Tokyo. Most JR stations in Japan accept them, and private companies in most cities also accept them.

Rural buses and private lines usually do not accept any electronic cards. While it is generally accepted, it can also happen that having entered the system with the card, you find yourself exiting at a point on a private railway where the card doesn't work.

If you find your exit gate does not have a card reader, try the window, they often have a reader in the office, but if that doesn't work, you will have to pay cash for the whole journey, getting a receipt with which you can get your card cleaned up at a ticket office the next time you want to use it.

But if you're traveling longer-distance and don't have a JR pass, or are just passing through and don't want a local smart card, then buying a ticket can get more complicated.

Since you probably need to know the train times and may want to reserve a seat as well this is a good thing. If you are at a local station or a subway station you will have more difficulty as you nearly always have to buy it using a machine whose instructions are in Japanese although newer machines have an English mode.

Most of these machines do not take credit cards although many JR East long-distance ticket machines do. Fortunately this is exactly the place where looking utterly bewildered is liable to lead to some nice Japanese offering to help.

If they do then you are in luck, if not then here are some hints. Around it will be all other stations you can get to with a price below them. The nearer stations have the smaller numbers e.

Note that some machines have large black buttons with nothing written on them. These are for different fare levels. Press the buttons until your fare level shows up, insert the money, and take your ticket.

If you cannot figure out the price, buy a minimum fare ticket and pay when you arrive at your destination. You can either present your ticket to the staff at the gate, or pay the balance at the "Fare Adjustment" machine.

Look for a small ticket vending kiosk near the exit, but still inside the gate. Insert your minimum fare ticket and pay the balance indicated on the screen. For express trains that require a surcharge and seating reservation, you will usually be able to find a staffed window.

However, some trains have their own specific machines to do this. First, buy a regular train ticket to your destination. On the touchscreen machines, there will usually be a button for express services.

Choose the name of the service you wish to travel on, your destination, preferred departure time and seating preferences, and then insert the surcharge amount.

You will be issued a reservation card showing the departure time and your seat number. You must also have either a travel ticket, pass or smartcard to get through the ticket gates: Also, if you just buy an ordinary ticket, you can settle up with the staff on the train when they come to check your ticket.

They will print a receipt which you should save until you clear the station. At bigger stations, you will probably have the choice of more than one train line, or even more than one company operating different lines with different machines and staff.

Therefore, always first find the line you want to use, and then get your ticket from the nearest machine, instead of jumping on the first ticket machine next to the station's entrance. While you can usually choose your platform after going through the gate, and thereby activating your ticket, this is not always the case.

If you notice later that you need to get to another platform, you might not be able to get out anymore without invalidating your ticket. So always have a good look at the signposts at every station.

Note that Shinkansen do not run at night, and you need to allow for the entire trip to complete before 1am. That means that the last departures from Tokyo towards Kyoto and Osaka are around The most important, most-travelled shinkansen route in the country is the Tokaido Shinkansen, which links Tokyo with Nagoya, Kyoto and Osaka.

There are a total of six different types of services operating on the Tokaido, Sanyo and Kyushu Shinkansen lines. These can all be grouped into three types, reflecting the number of stops made:.

These two services are the fastest, making stops only at major cities. The Nozomi is the primary service that runs through both the Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen lines, though some other Nozomi trains run only between Tokyo and Osaka.

A one-seat journey on the Nozomi from Tokyo to Osaka takes 2 hours 30 minutes, while trips from Tokyo to Fukuoka take 5 hours. Seamless transfers can be made at Fukuoka between the Nozomi and Kyushu Shinkansen trains: Tokyo to Kumamoto is 6 hours, and the full run from Tokyo to Kagoshima is about 7 hours.

The Mizuho, on the other hand, is restricted to services on the Sanyo and Kyushu shinkansen between Osaka and Kagoshima, with two daily round-trips in the morning and two in the evening.

Mizuho trains run from Osaka to Kumamoto in 3 hours, and Osaka to Kagoshima in 3 hours, 45 minutes. A small surcharge on top of the Shinkansen fare is required, and seat reservations are mandatory for all but three cars on the train.

These are the fastest services valid with the Japan Rail Pass, making a few more stops than the Nozomi or Mizuho. On the Tokaido Shinkansen, there are usually two Hikari trains per hour that depart from Tokyo: One train terminates in Osaka, and the other continues on the Sanyo Shinkansen, terminating in Okayama.

West of Osaka there is generally one Sakura train per hour two during commuting hours that runs from Osaka to Fukuoka and on to Kagoshima. If you use the Hikari or Sakura with a Japan Rail Pass you will typically need to transfer at least once for long journeys.

For trips on the Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen, Shin-Osaka is the largest transfer location, but if you can make the same transfer at nearby Shin-Kobe, it will be much easier.

Departing Tokyo with these services you can reach Osaka in 3 hours, Fukuoka in 6 hours, Kumamoto in 7 hours and Kagoshima in 8 hours. From Osaka you can get to Fukuoka in less than 3 hours, Kumamoto in 3 hours 30 minutes and Kagoshima in 4 hours 15 minutes.

Also valid with the Japan Rail Pass, these are the all-stations services stopping at every shinkansen station on the route. While Tokaido Kodama trains mostly operate a full car set, Sanyo Kodama services can operate with 16, 8 or 6-car trains.

Kyushu Tsubame services operate with 6 or 8 cars. Be sure to check the signs on the platform floor for the proper car length as well as your car number before lining up for your train.

You can find out the length of the train on the main electronic sign board which will also list which cars are non-reserve cars. On the newer and recently refurbished bullet trains, smoking is not permitted except in a designated smoking room located between cars.

These are the trains which travel north of Tokyo. They are classified by their destinations and are generally easier to use and less congested than the Tokaido Shinkansen.

For older or disabled travellers and those with luggage, you should note that some trains are double decker, and you need to go up or down some narrow stairs to reach most seats. Fortunately, there are sections without stairs, and you can ask for these areas when booking.

While most trains are geared toward commuting or business travel, there are many trains that are designed for tourists. The most popular trains are the various steam trains that run on more scenic lines.

These mostly run on weekends and holidays and many operate only in the summer months. A few, such as the SL Banetsu run in regular service. Many trains have been given unique designs to attract visitors to scenic locations.

This started with trains featuring characters popular with children, but more recently, prominent industrial designers have been recruited to design unique trains more appealing to adults.

This is most prominent in Kyushu, but many trains throughout Japan attempt to distinguish themselves with unique design elements. Express services may offer first-class Green Car seats.

However, if you really need to ride a particular train for which the regular seats are full, the Green Car is an alternative. The JR pass is available in two types "Ordinary", which requires paying the surcharge to use the Green Car, and "Green", which includes Green Car seats at no additional charge.

Depending on where you travel in Japan, Green Cars do have some little perks. If you travel in the Green Car on JR East bullet trains north of Tokyo, for example, you are entitled to a free drink once you are on board.

Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen Green Cars have softer lighting with access to six channels of in-cabin audio - mostly in Japanese, with the occasional English language lesson included.

If travelling on the Hikari or Nozomi you will receive hot towel service. Only on the premium Nozomi will you will be greeted by a female attendant who will bow to you as you enter the train and check your tickets in place of the train conductor.

Depending on the day and time that you travel, Green Cars can be less crowded and quieter than the regular cars, but, of course, during Golden Week and other high-peak travel periods, all bets are off.

Smoking is not allowed on suburban trains. While it is currently permitted on long-distance services in designated cars and vestibules, JR companies are starting to ban smoking on many routes. The new Nseries bullet trains, now in service on the Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen, have segregated smoking compartments within the train; smoking is not permitted in the seating areas.

Refurbished series bullet trains in service on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama runs also have separate smoking rooms. Note that if you do not smoke, sitting in a smoking car for a long trip can be very unpleasant.

On a busy train, making a reservation in advance can ensure a comfortable journey. Especially consider it if you're travelling in a group, as you're unlikely to find 2 seats together, let alone more, on a busy train.

Making a reservation is surprisingly easy, and is strongly advised for popular journeys such as travelling from Tokyo to Kyoto on a Friday evening, or taking a train from Nagoya to Takayama.

Look out for the JR Office at the train station, which bears a little green logo of a figure relaxing in a chair - and ask to make a reservation when you buy your ticket. The reservation can be made anywhere from a month in advance to literally minutes before the train leaves.

If you are a Japan Rail Pass holder, reservations are free: The ticket that you are given will not allow you to pass through the automated barriers though - you'll still need to present your Japan Rail Pass at the manned barrier to get to the train.

Without a pass a small fee will be charged, so a non-reserved ticket may be preferable to a reserved ticket, particularly if you are boarding at Tokyo or another originating station where all the seats will be open anyway, provided you arrive early enough.

On the other hand, it does not allow you to make a reservation on the Tokaido, Sanyo or Kyushu Shinkansen lines, which are operated by other companies. Seat reservations may be made anywhere from one month up to three days before the date of travel, and your ticket must be picked up at a JR East ticket counter anytime up to Also, the basic fare is NOT included in the seat reservation cost, unless you have a valid rail pass.

One advantage to this website is that advance seat reservations can be made on the Narita Express from Tokyo to Narita Airport. If the option is there for your journey, the private railways are often cheaper than JR for an equivalent journey.

However this is not always the case and changing from one network to another generally increases the price. Most private railways, in cities, have also created department store chains of the same name which are primarily built around their major stations e.

Tokyu in Tokyo, so generally you can look for the department store signs which are always very prominent and find the station nearby or from within the store. These companies generally serve a particular region of suburbs near a major city.

Private railways may interpret the service classes above differently, with some providing express services at no additional charge. Many offer their own regional passes for areas that may not be served by JR.

Tokyo has several types of day passes, some cover certain subway lines but not others. To provide a sense of safety and security for female passengers, many of the most crowded JR and private commuter rail lines in Japan reserve a car for women only during the morning and evening rush hour.

These cars are identified by special placards and stickers on the train and platform, which also designate the times that women-only cars are in effect. Also, some limited express trains operated by JR West to and from the Kansai region have reserved seats specifically for women and their children.

You will find men sitting in "women-only" seats, but they will make way if requested to do so. Normally, the first and last carriages are designated "women-only" during the morning rush time.

As other example, the middle of carriages are designated "women-only" in municipal management of Yokohama. The third carriages are designated "women-only" in Keihin Tohoku Line. It seems that they are allowed for only women, however, actually JR allow children under 6-year-old, people who are physically handicapped and their caregivers can get women-only cars.

Numerous services would run regularly, bringing the Japanese to different parts of the country in a timely, efficient manner. These days, however, with aging train equipment and other modes of transportation becoming easier and sometimes cheaper i.

Shinkansen trains and overnight buses, overnight trains have slowly been discontinued. For most of these services, three separate fares will have to be paid: The basic fare and limited express fare, which are both based on distance, and the accommodation charge, which is fixed over the entire journey.

Lodging ranges from carpet spaces - where you literally sleep on the floor - to bunk bed-type compartments, to private rooms with a shower and toilet. The Japan Rail Pass will cover only the basic fare: A few trains have seats or carpet spaces that are fully covered by the Rail Pass.

On some trips that run over non-JR tracks, the basic and limited express fares for that portion of the trip will also have to be paid. Some additional overnight services are added during periods of high demand, such as Golden Week, New Year's and the summer months.

The Moonlight Nagara, and certain other extra services, are classified as Rapid trains with regular seating. As such, these trains can be used with the Seishun 18 Ticket - and tend to get crowded when they run.

There are a few drawbacks to overnight train travel. In most cases you cannot book the train until you arrive in Japan, by which point the train might be sold out unless a helpful Japanese resident purchases the tickets for you in advance of your arrival.

Some overnight trains are also subject to cancellation on the day of departure if inclement weather is expected along the route. The alternative to travelling overnight by train is to travel by bus see below - but if you have a Japan Rail Pass, there is another way that you can go about travelling by night - and it can be relatively easy.

The key is to split up your journey, stopping at an intermediate station en route to your destination and resting at a nearby and preferably cheap hotel. In the morning, take another train toward your destination to complete the trip.

The Rail Pass will cover your train journey: If you can find accomodations in a smaller city, the chances are good that you will pay less for it compared to lodging in bigger cities such as Tokyo Toyoko Inn business hotels are the largest chain with over across Japan - most of them near train stations - and are a great example.

With careful planning and research, you will be able to find an overnight itinerary that works for you. For example, using the Shinkansen you could sleep in Hamamatsu on a trip from Tokyo to Kyoto, or in Himeji on a trip from Tokyo to Hiroshima.

For a trip north from Tokyo to Hokkaido you could choose to rest in Aomori. That said, you would need to get up earlier the next morning or else lose some daylight sightseeing time. If you have some extra money, consider forwarding some of your luggage to your destination using a luggage delivery service ; this will make the trip much easier.

Japan's excellent Shinkansen network means that flying is usually more of a luxury than a necessity. That being said, flying remains the most practical mode of reaching Japan's outlying islands, most notably for connections from the mainland to Hokkaido, Okinawa, and service to Kyushu to and from Tokyo.

Flying is also useful for getting around sparsely populated Hokkaido, as there is no Shinkansen network there. Tokyo 's Narita Airport handles a few domestic flights, but most domestic flights leave from Haneda HND to the south of the city.

Similarly, while there are some domestic flights from Kansai International Airport, more use Itami ITM to the north of Osaka, and Kobe 's airport also fields some flights. Narita to Haneda or Kansai to Itami is quite a trek, so allow at least three and preferably four hours to transfer.

List prices for domestic flights are very expensive to areas without discount carriers, but significant discounts are available if purchased in advance. These are a particularly good deal for travel to Hokkaido or the remote southern islands of Okinawa.

Some blackout periods or other restrictions during peak travel seasons apply. For all these tickets, ticketing must be done before arriving in Japan, and there are no date changes permitted for the first domestic segment.

Route changes for all the flights are not allowed. That said, ticketing must be done at least 3 days before the flight, there are no refunds, nor date or route changes permitted. The low-cost carrier concept is slowly making inroads into Japan, but they are mostly available for trips to from Sapporo, Naha, Fukuoka, and a few other cities in Kyushu from Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya.

Usually these airlines offer lower walk-up fares than the majors but they limit advance discounts to a small number of seats. There are often very limited baggage allowances however, and these should be checked before purchasing a ticket.

Passengers can fly standby at half of the full published fare, which is usually less than the equivalent express train fare. ANA only requires you to be a member of its mileage club, and both require ID proving your age.

Given that Japan is an island nation, boats are a surprisingly uncommon means of transport, as all the major islands are linked together by bridges and tunnels. Ferries are mostly limited to connections between areas with fairly low population.

There are some long-distance ferries from Tokyo and Osaka to distant cities, even Okinawa and Hokkaido, but the fares are usually higher than discounted airline tickets and the ferries are mostly used by people and companies wanting to transport their cars.

For some smaller islands, however, boats may well be the only practical option. There are also some inexpensive and convenient short-distance intercity ferries such as the Aomori - Hakodate ferry.

Vending machines and simple restaurant fare are typically available on board, but on longer trips particularly in second class the primary means of entertainment is alcoholic — this can be fun if you're invited in, but less so if you're trying to sleep.

Especially on the route between Tokyo and Kyoto - Osaka - Kobe triangle the high competition broke down the prices: It may be worth it to pay a premium to get a better seat; remember that it is less fun to sightsee after a sleepless night.

Intercity buses usually have significantly less legroom than intercity trains, so passengers over about cm may be uncomfortable. A few buses offer more luxurious Premium Seating. These seats are bigger, offer more legroom, and are exclusive, with only a few seats allocated to an entire bus.

Like their railroad counterparts, a few overnight buses can be used only by women an example is the Ladies Dream Osaka bus service between Tokyo and Osaka. It is available to both Japanese and foreigners, but must be purchased outside of Japan.

Travel days are non-consecutive but passes must be used up within two months. You are limited to a maximum of two bus trips per day and you cannot travel twice on one route in the same day.

Passes are not transferrable and photo identification is required when boarding the buses. If you have a lot of time on your hands, want to visit several major cities in a single trip, and do not mind the time spent on buses including sleeping, then the Bus Pass is worth considering.

The more trips you take, the more cost-effective the pass will be. There are a couple of small drawbacks to using the Bus Pass: You are restricted to using buses that seat four to a row, as opposed to three see above.

On most buses, you're expected to board from the back and grab a little numbered slip as you enter, often just a white piece of paper automatically stamped by the dispenser as you pull it.

In the front of the bus, above the driver, is an electronic board displaying numbers and prices below, which march inexorably higher as the bus moves on. When it's time to get off, you press the stop button, match your numbered slip to the electronic board's current price, deposit the slip and corresponding payment in the fare machine next to the driver, then exit through the front door.

Note that you must pay the exact fare: If you're short on change, it's best to exchange before it's time to get off. Increasingly, buses accept smartcards such as PASMO and Suica - you will need to tap your card against a scanner by the entrance usually above the ticket dispenser and then again using the scanner next to the fare machine by the driver when you exit.

If you fail to 'tap on' when boarding, you will be charged the maximum fare when alighting. The electronic board almost always includes a display and recorded voice announcements of the next stop — usually only in Japanese, although some cities like Kyoto make a welcome exception.

However, if asked most drivers will be glad to tell you when you've reached your destination. You will find taxis everywhere in Japan, not only in the city but also in the country.

Taxis are clean and completely safe, though expensive: But sometimes, they are the only way to get where you are going. Taxi meters are strictly regulated and clearly visible to the passenger.

If you are not sure if you have enough money for the trip, your driver may be able to guess the approximate cost of a trip beforehand. Even if money is not a concern, if you get a cost estimate beforehand, some taxi drivers will stop the meter at the estimated price regardless of how much further the destination may be, which can save you money.

Taxi fares are also higher at night. Tipping is not customary and would most likely be refused; unless there is an exceptional reason why you should offer a tip, it is probably best you spare the cabbie the embarrassment of having to refuse.

In the city, you can hail a taxi just about anywhere, but outside train stations and other transfer points you should board at a taxi stand. The taxi stand will usually either have a long line of patient passengers, or a long line of idle taxis.

If the destination is a well-known location, such as a hotel, train station, or public facility, the name alone should be enough. Note that even in the major cities, extremely few taxi drivers can speak English, so carrying a pamphlet or card of your hotel or destination with the address on it can be very helpful.

Likewise, have staff at your hotel write down the names and addresses of places you want to visit in Japanese to show your taxi driver. An interesting feature of Japanese taxis is that the driver controls the opening and closing of the rear left passenger door.

Try to avoid the habit of closing your door when you board the taxi. Taxi drivers also have a reputation for speeding and aggressive driving, but there are very few accidents involving bad drivers.

Rental cars and driving in Japan are rare in or around the major cities, as public transport is generally excellent and gets you almost everywhere. In addition, the roads of major cities like Tokyo are plagued with massive traffic jams and parking is expensive and difficult to find, so driving there is more of a hindrance than anything else.

However, many rural areas can really be explored with only your own transport, so driving should certainly not be dismissed out of hand, especially on the vast, sparsely populated island of Hokkaido.

Due to Hokkaido's cooler climate it is a very popular destination in summer, so if you are considering renting a car at this time be sure to do so well in advance of your planned travel date as they are often unavailable at this time.

Often the most feasible option is to combine the two: An international driver's license or Japanese license will be required if you wish to rent a car or drive in Japan, and must be carried at all times.

Purchasing insurance from the rental car company is highly recommended as any rental car insurance from your home country especially through most credit cards is unlikely to be valid in Japan, check your policy before heading out.

There is no "left turn on red" rule in Japan, however in rare cases a sign with a blue arrow on a white background will indicate where turning on red is legal not to be confused with the white arrow on a blue background, which indicates one-way traffic.

Drivers are required to make a complete stop at all at-grade railway crossings. So for one or two people it's not cost-effective for direct long distance travel between cities.

In major cities such as Tokyo and Osaka, a flat rate toll is paid when entering the expressway system. On inter-city expressways, tolls are based on distance travelled, a ticket is issued when you enter the system and the toll is calculated when you exit.

Avoid the purple ETC lanes at toll plazas unless you have the ETC device fitted as they are reserved for electronic toll collection, any other lane will accept either yen cash exact change not required or major credit cards.

Using local roads to travel between cities has the advantages of being toll-free and offering more opportunities for sightseeing along the way, but traffic jams and numerous traffic lights slow things down considerably.

Both rental costs and fuel are more expensive than those in the USA, but fuel is generally cheaper than found in Europe. Most fuel stations are full service, to fill up the tank with regular fuel, say regulaa mantan to the attendant.

Most rental cars have some kind of satellite navigation "navi" thus you can ask the rental car company to set your destination before your first trip.

Some models specifically newer Toyotas have an English language mode, so it doesn't hurt to ask the staff to change it before you head out. However unless you read Japanese you may need to ask for assistance to make full use of the navigation computer.

Japanese driving habits are generally as good as anywhere else, and usually better than other Asian countries. Japanese roads are generally of good quality, with smooth bitumen surfaces.

Gravel roads are very limited, usually forest roads, and unlikely to be on the itinerary of too many tourists. Roadworks are frequent however, and can cause annoying delays. Certain mountain passes are shut over winter, those that are not usually require either snow chains or a combination of studless winter tires and 4-wheel drive.

Larger hotels in the cities and regional hotels normally offer car parking, but it would be wise to check car parking however before you book. Validated parking is available at some car parks that are attached to major department stores in large cities, but don't count on getting more than hours free.

The best car to use in Tokyo is a taxi. Japan has horizontal traffic lights, with any arrows appearing beneath the main lights. The color-blind should note that the red stop is on the right and the green go is on the left.

There are usually only one or two traffic lights per intersection pointing the same way, which can make it hard to see when the signals change. However some prefectures, such as Toyama and Niigata, have vertical lights this is supposedly due to the amount of snow they get.

Japanese signs follow a mixture of European and North American conventions, but most should not pose any difficulty in understanding. On the highways and around major cities English signage is very good; however in more remote locales it may be spotty.

Electronic signs are everywhere on expressways and major arterial roads, and provide helpful real-time information on road conditions, unfortunately they are displayed exclusively in Japanese. The following is a brief list of the most common messages and their translations:.

Warning hazards for repair, breakdown and construction are always well illuminated at night and tend to also appear at least once before the main obstacle on higher speed roads such as expressways.

Other road hazards to be aware of are taxis, who feel they have a god-given right to stop wherever and whenever they like, long-distance truckers especially late at night who may often be hepped up on pep pills and tend to ride the bumper of any slower car in front, and country farmers in their ubiquitous white mini-trucks, who never seem to go above a crawl and may pop out of rural side roads unexpectedly.

Road speed limits are marked in kilometres per hour. If you go with the flow you should not have any problems, as the Japanese often pay speed limits no more attention than they have to.

Japan has many great opportunities for bikers. Bike rentals can be found throughout the country, especially near popular routes. Some routes like the Shimanami Kaido, which takes you from the mainland Onomichi to Shikoku Imabari have been set up specifically for bikers.

If you will be spending an extended period of time in Japan, you may want to consider purchasing a bike. If you choose to do this, be aware that you need to have it registered.

If your bike does not have the proper sticker, your bike can be confiscated. It is important that any bike that is not a rental bike is registered under the rider's name.

If you are caught borrowing a bike registered under someone else's name, it is considered stolen in Japan, and you will likely be taken to the police station. The police often check bikes, so avoid problems by obeying the law.

Japan is an excellent country for hitchhiking, although there is no Japanese custom for this, and some Japanese language ability is almost mandatory. See Hitchhiking in Japan for a more detailed introduction and practical tips for this fine art.

Most Japanese under 40 have studied English for at least 6 years, but the instruction tends to focus on formal grammar and writing rather than actual conversation. As a result, outside of major tourist attractions and establishments that cater specifically to foreigners, it is rare to find people who are conversant in English.

Reading and writing tends to come much better though, and many younger Japanese are able to understand a great deal of written English despite not being able to speak it. English and Chinese are often spoken by a some clerks in establishments such as major stores.

If lost, it can be practical to write out a question on paper in simple words and give it to someone young, preferably high school or college students, who will likely be able to point you in the right direction.

It can also be helpful to carry a hotel business card or matchbook with you, to show a taxi driver or someone if you lose your way. Take comfort in the fact that many Japanese will go to extraordinary lengths to understand what you want and to help you, and try to pick up at least basic greetings and thank yous to put people at ease.

The slang-heavy dialect of the Kansai region is particularly famous in Japanese pop culture. On the southern islands of Okinawa, many dialects of the closely related Ryukyuan languages are spoken, mostly by the elderly, while in northern Hokkaido a rare few still speak Ainu.

Japanese is written using a convoluted mix of three different scripts: However, hiragana and katakana do not carry the meaning of the original Chinese characters they were derived from and are simply phonetic characters.

There are thousands of kanji in everyday use and even the Japanese spend years learning them, but the kana have only 50 syllables each and can be learned with a reasonable amount of effort.

Knowing Chinese will also be a great head start for tackling kanji, but not all words mean what they seem: However, most Japanese are familiar with Western customs, and will almost always give their name in Western order when speaking with Westerners.

Names are a complicated matter in Japanese language. Using someone's given name when speaking to or about them is considered very personal, and is only common among grade-school children and very close friends.

At all other times, the default is to use family names plus - san, a suffix approximately like "Mr. In the Japanese language, though, names are frequently avoided altogether by using pronouns or just grammatically omitting them.

San is the default name suffix, but you may encounter a few others: To avoid being overly familiar or formal, stick with - san until someone asks you to call them differently. Also do not use - san or other suffixes after your own name when introducing yourself.

When most Westerners think of castles, they naturally think of their own in places like England and France. However, Japan too was a nation of castle-builders. In its feudal days, you could find multiple castles in nearly every prefecture.

Because of bombings in WWII, fires, edicts to tear down castles, etc. Four of them are located on the island of Shikoku, two just north in the Chugoku region, two in Kansai, three in the Chubu region, and one in the northern Tohoku region.

There are no original castles in Kyushu, Kanto, Hokkaido, or Okinawa. Nijo Castle is an original however, it was actually an Imperial residence rather than a castle, so it is not included on the list of originals.

Japan has many reconstructed castles, many of which receive more visitors than the originals. A reconstructed castle means that the donjon was rebuilt in modern times, but many of these still have other original structures within the castle grounds.

For example, three of Nagoya Castle 's turrets are authentic. Reconstructions still offer a glimpse into the past and many, like Osaka Castle are also museums housing important artifacts.

Kumamoto Castle is considered to be among the best reconstructions, because most of the structures have been reconstructed instead of just the donjon. The only reconstructed castle in Hokkaido is Matsumae Castle.

Okinawa's Shuri Castle is unique among Japan's castles, because it is not a "Japanese" castle; it is from the Ryukyuan Kingdom and was built with the Chinese architectural style, along with some original Okinawan elements.

Ruins typically feature only the castle walls or parts of the original layout are visible. Although they lack the structures of reconstructed castles, ruins often feel more authentic without the concrete reconstructions that sometimes feel too commercial and touristy.

Many ruins maintain historical significance, such as Tsuyama Castle, which was so large and impressive, it was considered to be the best in the nation. Today, the castle walls are all that remain but the area is filled with thousands of cherry blossoms.

This is common among many ruins, as well as reconstructions. Takeda Castle is famed for the gorgeous view of the surrounding area from the ruins. The nation has designated an official "Top Three Gardens", based on their beauty, size, authenticity gardens that have not been drastically altered, and historical significance.

The largest garden, and the favorite of many travellers, is actually Ritsurin Park in Takamatsu. And in spite of its reputation as a concrete jungle, Tokyo actually has a number of gardens to see.

Rock and sand gardens can typically be found in temples, specifically those of Zen Buddhism. The most famous of these is Ryoanji Temple in Kyoto, but such temples can be found throughout Japan. Moss gardens are also popular in Japan and Koke-dera, also in Kyoto, has one of the nation's best.

Reservations are required to visit just so that they can ensure the moss is always flourishing and not trampled. Regardless of your travel interests, it's difficult to visit Japan without at least seeing a few shrines and temples.

Buddhist and Shinto sites are the most common, although there are some noteworthy spiritual sites of other religions, as well. Buddhism has had a profound impact on Japan ever since it was introduced in the 6th century.

Like shrines, temples can be found in every city, and many different sects exist. Some of the holiest sites are made up of large complexes on mountaintops and include Mount Koya Japan's most prestigious place to be buried and head temple of Shingon Buddhism, Mount Hiei set here when Kyoto became the capital to remove Buddhism from politics, the head of the Tendai sect of Buddhism, and Mount Osore considered to be the "Gateway to Hell", it features many monuments and graves in a volcanic wasteland.

Many of the nations head temples are located in Kyoto, like the Honganji Temples and Chion-in Temple. Kyoto also has five of the top Zen temples named in the "Five Mountain System" Tenryuji, Shokokuji, Kenninji, Tofukuji, and Manjuji, along with Nanzenji Temple, which sits above all the temples outside of the mountain system.

Although there are "five" temples, Kyoto and Kamakura both have their own five. Eiheiji Temple is also a prominent Zen temple, although it was never part of the mountain system. Todaiji's is the largest in the nation, while the Kamakura Daibutsu is the second largest, meditating outside in the open air.

Horyuji Temple in Horyuji, just south of Nara, is the world's oldest wooden structure. The beautiful Phoenix Hall in Uji is seen by most visitors to Japan on the back of the ten yen coin, if not in real-life.

Shintoism is the "native" religion of Japan, so those looking to experience things that are "wholly Japanese" should particularly enjoy them as they truly embody the Japanese aesthetic. The holiest Shinto Shrine is the Grand Ise Shrine, while the second holiest is Izumo Shrine, where the gods gather annually for a meeting.

When Toyotomi Hideyoshi came into power, Christianity was banned and Christians were persecuted. Nagasaki is the most famous persecution site where 26 Japanese Christians were crucified.

They are saints today and you can visit the memorial for these martyrs in the city. The Shimabara Rebellion is the most famous Christian uprising in Japan, and it was this rebellion that led to the ousting of the Portuguese and Catholic practices from Japan although Christianity had already been banned by this time, along with approximately 37, beheadings of Christians and peasants.

In Shimabara, you can visit the ruins of Hara Castle, where the Christians gathered and were attacked, see old Portuguese tombstones, and the samurai houses, some of which were occupied by Christian samurai.

Less famous sites may be off the beaten path, like the Martyrdom Museum and Memorial Park for martyrs in Fujisawa. When the nation reopened, some Christians assumed that meant that they were able to practice Christianity freely and openly, so they came out after years of practicing secretly.

Unfortunately, it was still not legal and these Christians were brought together in various parts of the country and tortured. You can see one of these sites at Maria Cathedral in Tsuwano, built in the Otome Pass in the area where Christians were put into tiny cages and tortured.

Along with the Martyrdom Site, Nagasaki is also home to Oura Church, the oldest church left in the nation, built in Because of Nagasaki's status for many years as one of the nation's only ports where outsiders could come, the city is rich in Japanese Christian history, so even the museums here have artifacts and information about the Christian community.

Strangely, you can often find Christian objects in temples and shrines throughout the country. This is because many of these objects were hidden in temples and shrines back when Christianity was forbidden.

Japan has a handful of well-known Confucian Temples. As Japan's gateway to the world for many centuries, Nagasaki 's Confucian Temple is the only Confucian temple in the world to be built by Chinese outside of China.

Yushima Seido in Tokyo was a Confucian school and one of the nation's first-ever institutes of higher education. The first integrated school in the nation, the Shizutani School in Bizen also taught based on Confucian teachings and principles.

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Update takes days and beside adding new cars I also scrap cars of last year, to include possible changes in data after initial model launch. November update include makes: Percentages calculated for database.

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You are free to use this data on your own website. Already seen a website motociclisti. There is possible that Bikez. You can open sample file and click Statistics sheet for full list of makes.

For SEO purposes I list here the 55 makes with more than models:. Chassis, suspension, brakes and wheels: Physical measures and capacities: Dry weight kg Looking for more data?

Detailed by body type? Or detailed by engine version? World War II — present. Few pre-war classic automobiles are included too, if they are related with post-war ones.

The list include model generations example: VW Golf IV, platforms example: BMW E46 , chassis code example: Mercedes W, with exact years of production for each of them.

Commercial vehicles under 3. Should I continue writing descriptions? However we cannot know how complete is Wikipedia. Currently the Excel table contains names used in European, American markets plus the country of origin European name is shown the first.

Car Models List excel database include only all-new models, NOT mid-life facelifts because of impossibility to identify all minor modifications of a car model. If you want breakdown by every minor change in body design, you can buy Car Models Database.

Car engine range displacement, horsepower and top speed, for present except for cars not sold in Europe. Add-on with cars produced in India, Brazil and Argentina added during You are advised to NOT change sorting order for example do not sort models alphabetically.

There are NO list of car engines. List as September Italic makes to be added in next release. Additional minor makes may be added in the future. Car Models Database Timeline version. This was the only database format since to December, when I re-sorted database alphabetically and sold both versions in same package but the timeline had a lag in updates.

I will recheck every car and add correct dimensions, weight and engine range from the expanded bigger database. May I know how are you using these 4 columns? I am questioning if this is the best format or I can improve it even further, for example I am thinking to remove facelift from model names, and add instead production years to differentiate pre - and post-facelift models.

Whenever you can use it or not, you decide. Choose which suit you better. A proper car trim database, filtered from trim duplicates, require additional dozens of hours of work too much considering how many sales it can get.

Should do this job? Lexus LS short and long wheelbase, Ford F short and long truck bed, etc. Can someone suggest the best solution for these vehicles? Certain technical data valves, cam type is available for MY onward.

The specs are consistent before and after MY change. Cars are sorted by make, model and year, then by ID number or by trim low to high present, when I will have sufficient free time I will put all trims in correct order, and add borders and headers as I did for European databases.

Are you interested in cars older than? While the database is present, the features columns, valve and cam type are available starting from only. Hope this is enough for most applications.

Feel free to delete the columns which are not available for most of cars. Front head room Roof and glass Several customers reported that this format is unusable. Probably this will also help you having an unique automobile database that do not exist on any website, and avoid copyright issues.

I modified and listed all WRX as trim under Impreza model. If there are multiple people interested, I will do them! Just tell me what amount of technical specs should be included the database for sport cars.

Someone suggested this in November If more people are interested in this project, I will do it! Tell me if it should contain overall star rating or… how many details I need to include about each crash test?

Check this page Car photo database. Someone asked this in From where I can take the codes? I am looking for potential customers in Europe interested in this thing! XLS format to be usable for webdesigners.

Do I should… — add production years, per model or per each engine? This exceed my abilities. Car specs vary from country to country, especially between European and American markets there is very little similarity, even if cars wear same name.

Since I provided dedicated database for India, Middle East and Australia, made via web scraping from accurate local websites. North American car market is tightly regulated by government, all car models sold here are organized by Model Years.

So a car model launched in December is still a model. This is WRONG and leads to errors and confusion, in the year of model replacement, their list include both old and new models or just one of them at random.

Many European and Japanese cars were sold in US with bigger bumpers, getting few extra inches in length. Cars are sold in US with less engine choices, usually top of range. Sometimes US engines do not exist in rest of world.

VW Golf 6 is sold in US with a 2. North American car market is unique. Car specs vary from one market to another. In whatever other country: Live chat customer support hours per day, 7 days of 7. Do you have trouble choosing the right database?

Have a suggestion for a database? Found errors and want them to be corrected? Do not waste money on other cheap data providers that do not provide support for their customers, selling incomplete data and never correcting errors.

I have over 15 years in researching automotive industry and compile data in Excel from books and websites. Pay via Paypal or Credit Card and receive automatically a download link via email example email.

Do a test purchase of a FREE product to see how things work! If no email come, most likely it is blocked by anti-SPAM filters. Download free samples few car models and test in your application before purchasing full database.

Changed mind and need at full specifications? Pay only the difference. Partial purchases selected makes can be arranged! Download link is valid for 1 year, and each time I update the database I send you an email to re-download it.

But I can also scrap websites. As I learned to scrap data from websites. But if you think that is OK, give me link to a website and I will try to create a database with the data from website.

In I redesigned it numerous times due to people complaining. See website design evolution. If you still think that website is BAD, feel free to suggest changes in colors, layouts, etc, or go in WordPress Themes and choose one for me, or show me a website that you like, and I will try to replicate its theme.

Made with by Graphene Themes.

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