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Vivo V7 with 5.7-inch FullView Display, 24-megapixel selfie camera launched 10

I do agree that the Note 2 is streets ahead of the original Note in terms of size. The inconvenience of downloading the App store and acquiring my application suite manually far exceeds any inconvenience caused by Touchwiz.

Priced at Rs 18,990, Vivo V7 goes on sale in India from November 24.

In they followed this up with a DPI0. That was my first computer. Plenty of people enjoy Samsung's apps. One plus one mobile price in india and features Overall though I think users should be given a choice between stock and whatever each OEM offers; as I recognise many people don't like miui like I do. The choices are limited right now. However this does not include a fall in air resistance produces drag forces that reduce the acceleration.

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The PDA provided e-mail, calendar, address book, calculator and notebook applications, text-based Web browsing, when closed, the device could be used as a digital cellular phone. Duplicate posts on the same topic will be removed, even if it's a different source.

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Android Marshmallow — Android Marshmallow is the sixth major version of the Android operating system. Its the you gotta have the latest and greatest mindset. What phones are you talking about exactly? I don't even know of where to start to get an iPhone like that. The region is accepted to include all European nations, all African nations. The GPE versions make it so that all parts of the ported ROMs are actually compatible and work well, instead of the "what's broken, you tell me" stuff.

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21.02.2018 - Your numbers are misleading. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20, Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond. My Gnex will die within a few hours, and no, I will not reduce my consumption. I think the limit for me is what I can fit into my pocket. Always from the US, because that's where my cousin lives. A digital gyroscope module connected to an Arduino Uno board.

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24.02.2018 - Windows Phones can be configured to operate as a camera if the phone is asleep. This was pretty much the exact state of affairs back in the Windows 3. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. I have small hands. That example itself was Google openly admitting to it and at least according to them, was an experiment for an improved message delivery system, albeit poorly thought out. The Note 2 is the perfect compromise between screen size and feel in the hand for me, but the question is whether, with better screen coverage and bevel trickery, a bigger screen size could be achieved without compromising comfort. In the case of a gyroscope with two gimbals, the gimbal, which is the gyroscope frame, is mounted so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane determined by the support.

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05.02.2018 - No reposts, spam or rehosted content. I think I'd prefer to go slightly bigger. It's up to them to decide if they trust that or if they want to research more into it and how they do it and if they don't trust it, they have the choice to not use their services. Isn't it more about more accessible drivers thus faster updates? Most lenses have a diaphragm, which changes the size of the aperture stop. Cuz they look awesome.

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24.01.2018 - China emerged as one of the worlds earliest civilizations in the basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20, Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond. Accelerometers are used in drones for flight stabilisation, coordinated accelerometers can be used to measure differences in proper acceleration, particularly gravity, over their separation in space, i. The average consumer buys an iPhone.

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So, if redundancy out of the box is becoming less the case, why are OEM apps still considered bloat? Because you can't bring OEM apps across brands while you can install most Google apps across different devices from different manufacturers.

If you have no plans to be loyal to one brand, OEM apps will not do. Switching phones will become too much of a hassle even with all the switch assistance apps out there, that's still no guarantee that you'll switch seamlessly without trouble.

Because of this, users opt to install Google apps and OEM apps remain unused, again, giving the appearance of redundancy and bloat. So when it's Google's devices, even though they behave like every other OEM apps and should be considered bloat, people don't feel that way because there's no need for redundancy and even no way for redundancy.

You no longer feel like having two competing ecosystems in your devices. Even if you were fully committed to your previous brand's ecosystem and don't have Google software, it's not like you can just install all of those OEM apps from the playstore.

Using a Google device means transfering to Google's ecosystem. It's a one time hassle and when you move back to a non-Google device, all you need to do is to install all the Google apps you've used and then give them time to sync.

Now if only you could get rid of these apps you're never going to use In the end, technically, you're right. If you're purely looking at each device and not considering the context of previous devices users might have owned from different manufacturers, Google's apps on their devices should be considered bloat.

But when you're a person who isn't loyal to any one single brand of phone and you more or less frequently buy new phones, the non-migratable apps designed to give you a bit of resistance when you want switch to a different brand of phone, becomes useless and redundant.

Whether these apps should remain to be called bloat or not is another matter but it's the name people are already used to and continue to use and most people probably can't think of a simpler word than "bloat".

The thing is, Google has a vested interest in keeping it's improvements to the OS and the apps to themselves, now that they have the Pixel line and hardware manufacturing in-house.

If you are asking the CEO of Samsung to give up control over the UX they ship to their customers to a competitor, you will have a hard sell. Who's to say that Google won't kneecap their apps when run on competitor phones?

The author is completely right in saying that stock Android is AOSP because that's what is an even playing field for all parties. Once you start adding Google binaries it's not an even playing field anymore.

People hate the blatant iOS copy software that is offered on some oem phones like miui, emui etc. TouchWiz use to be horrible. LG software still do too much. Legitimately I hate the iOS look alikes because it's stupid and seems just trashy.

TouchWiz looked like shit and now Samsung experience looks he most sleek in my opinion. LG just needs to clean up Abit it looks very childish and the colors seem off to me. Also they need to work on getting transparency done in more sensible areas.

As opposed to Google who decides to adopt circle icons but then only masks some of their icons into full circles and just dumping the others into a white circle? The major mistakes are fixed in Oreo.

So use a theme or a pack and change them? How about their default font, all Comic Sans handdrawn bullshit. Is that still the default, I suppose they may have stopped huffing paint since I stopped paying attention to touchwiz.

Yes guys, I get it, it wasn't default. It just comes preinstalled. I was thinking of Choco Cooky. It's still a shitty font. Oh thank god, I'm always about sure I'm having a stroke when I look at my father's Galaxy S whatever number it is.

I've carried the S3 and S4 over the years, but the first thing I did was always root and install custom roms. It doesn't seem like my father to change the stock font of his phone, but I suppose he could've explored the settings, or clicked it by mistake.

I've seen enough people who are like my father tech-phobic rocking it that I guess I just assumed they installed it stock. I suppose I must be wrong, but I'm not going to lie, still a bit skeptical.

I'm going to double down, and assume that this is a Berenst e ain Bears situation. I think that font is called Rosemary or something. It isn't the default font though You had to change to it.

The default font doesn't look like handwritten font and it looks just like the default ones on other phones. I was thinking of choco cooky, actually. Found a list of them some where.

You guys are right though. That is not, and never has been the default font. It has always been an option, and Samsung phones feature a full font manager than you can install and use any font with.

They need to stop trying to be iOS and be different, not the same. Those UI's are mainly used in massive numbers only in Asian countries. Obsessed does not equal sales, considering they are priced like crap in India.

It's just a status symbol here for most apple users and few would admit they can live perfectly fine on a Samsung or even a pixel. I don't know if you'll believe me, I've literally never bought an apple product from India.

I've bought 3 iphones, 2 iPads, 1 Mac and airpods over the years. Always from the US, because that's where my cousin lives. I've saved more than a thousand dollars easily.

I don't want to be a factor if apple India's sales increase. Their pricing sucks donkey balls. That's probably because Apple doesn't directly sell in India, so the retailers can up the prices a bit for profit.

As an Indian teen, I agree. Like oxygen, or Nokia has good software because they don't deviate too much from stock. It's just a light touch. Many just take the modifications too far and it feels like a strange and hard to use cross between iOS and Android.

What does LG software even do? Other than support of their hardware features and themes, they cede much to Google. I thought their home screen was lame. I downloaded Nova Launcher immediately after first booting my phone.

I sometimes custom my second screen but right now I am just using it for notifications. I don't like that they in recent phones do the whole iOS "no app drawer" thing by default.

Android has the app drawer. EMUI was really bad about that. There's always Nova for the home screen. Or Google Now Launcher. Besides Nova which needs a few add ons to get it in, I wish all of these home screens had the Google page on the far left.

I never use whatever the OEMs put over there in its place. Show me the copied things. Yes it used to be a copy, but nowadays its pretty decent, smooth and stable. Slap nova on it and change some colors and ur fine.

The notifications suck, but kill the horse please that people keep riding with " miui is a ios copy ". Yeah, especially when you can easily change the theme with a free one to get rid of the "iOS" feel.

It's not something that most people will readily admit but it was hard leaving MIUI because of all the little things. Almost everything is configurable. There are still some MIUI features that I miss, but the non-stock notification system and the fact that the MIUI apps don't seem to play nice with other apps is a real pain.

Wow first I've heard of resurrection remix but looks good. Wish they put more effort into the downloads for devices picker though. I thought even the Global ROM was still using the non-standard status bar notification icons rather than the stock Android style notification icons - am I wrong?

They look huge and material is a complete different style. And that's a complete deal breaker for me. My experience with MIUI was mostly good, but the inescapable caveat of how gimped multitasking with, and how bad the phone was at receiving notifications.

And the battery saver never truly disappeared, or maybe the memory management gimped notifications as battery saver would. If they'd just cut out the crap designed for Chinese phones without GMS and hence, no Doze, and use Google's memory management and battery, god the experience would be there.

I think I heard that they switched notifications back to stock. Not saying MIUI is perfect by any means, but that might make you feel better about it. See, that was never an issue for me, because there was an app that got you stock Android notification shade.

My notification issue was just receiving them. I have a v30 and if you apply a skin, it really isn't too bad. I still prefer the pure expirence but this is much better than stuff they shipped with like the G3.

I came from a pixel and the only issue I have with LG's software is the stupid Update Center, and still waiting on Oreo. I dunno man, I'm quite a fan of miui personally, I like stock as well, but it doesn't mean I can't like both.

It's like a bastard child of iOS and android, and I find it works pretty well, got lots of nice features built in that I need 3rd party apps for when I flash a stock ROM.

Overall though I think users should be given a choice between stock and whatever each OEM offers; as I recognise many people don't like miui like I do. It's very much an Android skin. Except the one thing that is truly a la iOS.

Not much else though. I got my Honor 8 and Sony device here. The settings are also different and I don't like the out of the box icons in the settings. But a theme fixes this. Also icons, stock theme you can find online also fix this, easy to implement.

Then maybe push 3rd party ROMs a bit harder and make downloading them more accessible to noobies. Isn't it more about more accessible drivers thus faster updates? Don't think it directly encourages a stock ROM.

If drivers for custom hardware stop being a problem then custom ROMs become exponentially more "possible", including AOSP or whatever the "official" Google version is. Either we're getting it all wrong or Trebble is going to make Android very easy to customize.

The pixel skin is different from AOSP. Much different and has its optimizations and features that aren't on AOSP. With Treble any phone will be able boot up and run an AOSP build which means a lot of stuff can be done with third party devs.

People here just need to realize that stock Android is not seen as a positive to the average consumer. Hopefully the Pixel line changes that in the near future, but right now that's just how it is.

The average consumer doesn't know what the hell "stock Android" or TouchWiz even is. The average consumer doesn't buy based on Android skin, or even based on OS, they buy based on brand.

The S9 could launch with stock Android and would sell just as well as it will with TouchWiz. It simply doesn't matter because most people would use their phones the exact same way regardless.

It might sell a little worse or a bit better depending on how many users see it as a good thing but they'll just think it's Samsung's new thing. Most people like to play with the devices in store before buying.

They can easily see the differences in UI, they're not blind. For the average consumer buying a Samsung phone, they walk into a store, see that phone with a thin bezel curved display, and buy it.

For the average consumer buying an iPhone, they already plan on having an iPhone and just head straight to the iPhone section and buy an iPhone. Not many people buy Samsung phones because "wow a screenshot feature".

They buy them because they are marketed very well and they are very eye catching hardware wise. Samsung phones are known to have more features than all other Android boned phones and people like it.

That's why they buy them including the awesome hardware. The average consumer buys an iPhone. At least in the US. Not saying that all Android users are tech-savvy but definitely more than percent of users would be happy with Google making the Pixel ROM available.

Android Oreo is currently sitting at 1. Anyone who cares about stock Android will more than likely be on this version, so there are much less people that care about stock Android than you would assume.

I googled it, and most sites said Correct me if I'm wrong though. So I redid my math and it seems to be closer to Not exactly widescreen, but very close. Now you can't make a screen Most modern screen resolutions there are exceptions such as x use multiples of 16 for various reasons, including that 16x16 is the base block size in MPEG video encoding.

The One S was a flicker of hope, but so far apart from the Xperia V, nothing has been released in this size with useful specs. Rocking the Xperia Ion, screen 4. Rest of the specs ain't so bad either if you don't mind 2.

I even dislike amoleds in general. I don't want to spend my time noticing whether my screen is displaying white or black: And now you're praising those.. What about phones the same size but with screens bigger?

There is a lot of bezel room on the old phones SGS1 and that is sort of what they did with the Nexus 4, because it has basically the same exact dimensions as the Galaxy Nexus.

I think that 4 to 4. Any bigger and you might as well get a tablet with a data plan. That's basically what I want, except that it has to make phone calls as well. Maybe a seven inch tablet with the stylus acting as a Bluetooth phone.

That would be amazing. Tablet doesn't go into your pocket as easily as a There is a substantial difference. BEZEL size matters more, and edge to edge display can be up to 4. I'm going to stick to my philosophy that as long as it fits inside my pocket, I'm good with it.

Screen real estate is so nice, especially as people are using their phone less and less for phone calls. Not sure what the maximum size for a normal pocket fit is, but I'm good with it.

Only had it for weeks so maybe my opinion will change once I get used to it. Although now I rarely use my Nexus 7 even though it still kicks ass. I didn't want a 4. Not horribly, but a little too big to use comfortably in one hand all the time.

I've gotten used to it, but it's still awkward sometimes. I don't regret buying the phone, but if they'd offered a smaller version I definitely would've gone for that instead. I've said it before and I'll say it again: I'd just as soon buy a 6" phone as a 5" phone, because at 5" I'm already giving up the usability that comes with a phone-sized phone.

I know a guy who uses a Galaxy Note II and swears he can use it one-handed. His hands are almost exactly the same size as mine yes, we compared. He uses some kind of handle-grip case that makes is easier, but still.

I seem to hold an unpopular opinion around here, but I really like the 3. Big ones aren't bad, I like the extra screen size sometimes, but for most stuff 3. This is the perfect size to replace my tablet as well and have all my apps in one single Android.

I do lots of things on my phone - note taking, pictures, reading, redditing etc etc. Doing those on a 4" screen is a killer. I want a N7 with no bezel and super thin.

I have no problem answering calls with ear-buds. Really tired of carrying devices. It's difficult to answer over 5. The Note 2 is the perfect compromise between screen size and feel in the hand for me, but the question is whether, with better screen coverage and bevel trickery, a bigger screen size could be achieved without compromising comfort.

I'm sometimes tempted by huge phones but then I realize how pointless it'd be since i already have a 7 inch tablet. It looks nice too. The Note or anything 5' or larger is just too big to be beautiful.

I have a GS3 but 5 inches would be my limit. Give me more screen real estate. I love my 4. Then again I have huge hands. Now that I own a tablet I no longer require the large screen that I have on the note.

Since I do all my major reading on my tablet, the smaller size of the phone would make it much more portable and better for use as an music player at the gym etc.

I didn't like how heavy, big and unweildy is the Galaxy Note 1, or the 2 either. I am pretty comfortable with the S3 and its 4. Anything bigger than 6 inches will have to be designed really well, like almost no bezel on all sides, on screen keys etc.

I think one factor - do you prefer to use your phone with one hand or two? Last year I graduated from a blackberry so I'm pretty heavy on typing with two thumbs as opposed to hunt and peck with one hand.

I have the feeling there's a correlation between screen size and if you would rather use the phone with one hand or two. Not a simple answer. The way phones are made today: But if they could make a phone that had zero bezel that includes above and below a 5" screen would be great.

Having a phone of this size is like having a computer in your pocket. Once you get used to it, it's worth it for the real estate. My Nexus 4 is pretty much perfect. I can use it with one hand and it's very comfortable when using two hands.

I have a Gnex 4. The Xperia Z looks like a great phone, but I'm waiting for the next nexus to drop before I make any decisions though. After being on a Note II I can't look at anything smaller.

The size is perfect and I know Samsung is working on squeezing a couple more inches with the same dimensions! There are some exceptions to this, like this phone and this phone.

As a person with big hands, I think 4. Personally, I limit my sizes by how comfortably I can use it with one hand. I don't exactly need gigantic screen real estate when my phone is used primarily as a phone and PDA.

I agree that the limit on size is how comfortably I can use it with one hand, but I don't think I have particularly large hands, and can comfortably use my 5. Just as with single-processor systems, cores in multi-core systems may implement architectures such as VLIW, superscalar, Multi-core processors are widely used across many application domains, including general-purpose, embedded, network, digital signal processing, and graphics.

The improvement in performance gained by the use of a multi-core processor depends very much on the algorithms used. In particular, possible gains are limited by the fraction of the software that can run in parallel simultaneously on multiple cores, most applications, however, are not accelerated so much unless programmers invest a prohibitive amount of effort in re-factoring the whole problem.

The parallelization of software is a significant ongoing topic of research, the terms multi-core and dual-core most commonly refer to some sort of central processing unit, but are sometimes also applied to digital signal processors and system on a chip.

This article uses the terms multi-core and dual-core for CPUs manufactured on the integrated circuit. In contrast to systems, the term multi-CPU refers to multiple physically separate processing-units.

The terms many-core and massively multi-core are sometimes used to describe multi-core architectures with a high number of cores. Some systems use many soft microprocessor cores placed on a single FPGA, each core can be considered a semiconductor intellectual property core as well as a CPU core.

While manufacturing technology improves, reducing the size of individual gates and these physical limitations can cause significant heat dissipation and data synchronization problems.

Various other methods are used to improve CPU performance, some instruction-level parallelism methods such as superscalar pipelining are suitable for many applications, but are inefficient for others that contain difficult-to-predict code.

Many applications are better suited to thread-level parallelism methods, and multiple independent CPUs are commonly used to increase a systems overall TLP, a combination of increased available space and the demand for increased TLP led to the development of multi-core CPUs.

Several business motives drive the development of multi-core architectures, for decades, it was possible to improve performance of a CPU by shrinking the area of the integrated circuit, which reduced the cost per device on the IC.

Alternatively, for the circuit area, more transistors could be used in the design. Hertz — The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units and is defined as one cycle per second.

It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in SI multiples kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, kilo means thousand, mega meaning million, giga meaning billion and tera for trillion.

Some of the units most common uses are in the description of waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio-. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers, the hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i.

One hertz simply means one cycle per second, Hz means one hundred cycles per second, and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, the rate of aperiodic or stochastic events occur is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second in general or, the specific case of radioactive decay, becquerels.

This SI unit is named after Heinrich Hertz, as with every International System of Units unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case. Note that degree Celsius conforms to this rule because the d is lowercase.

The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission in, the term cycles per second was largely replaced by hertz by the s. One hobby magazine, Electronics Illustrated, declared their intention to stick with the traditional kc.

Humans perceive frequency of waves as pitch. Each musical note corresponds to a frequency which can be measured in hertz. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20, Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond.

Electromagnetic radiation is described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz.

Radio frequency radiation is measured in kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz. Graphics processing unit — GPUs are used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations, and game consoles.

Arcade system boards have been using specialized graphics chips since the s, in early video game hardware, the RAM for frame buffers was expensive, so video chips composited data together as the display was being scanned out on the monitor.

Fujitsus MB video shifter was used to accelerate the drawing of sprite graphics for various s arcade games from Taito and Midway, such as Gun Fight, Sea Wolf, the Namco Galaxian arcade system in used specialized graphics hardware supporting RGB color, multi-colored sprites and tilemap backgrounds.

In the home market, the Atari in used a video shifter called the Television Interface Adaptor, machine code subroutines could be triggered on scan lines by setting a bit on a display list instruction.

ANTIC also supported smooth vertical and horizontal scrolling independent of the CPU and it became one of the best known of what were known as graphics processing units in the s. The Williams Electronics arcade games Robotron,, Joust, Sinistar, in, the Commodore Amiga featured a custom graphics chip, with a blitter unit accelerating bitmap manipulation, line draw, and area fill functions.

Also included is a coprocessor with its own instruction set, capable of manipulating graphics hardware registers in sync with the video beam. In, Texas Instruments released the TMS, the first microprocessor with on-chip graphics capabilities and it could run general-purpose code, but it had a very graphics-oriented instruction set.

In, this chip would become the basis of the Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture Windows accelerator cards, in, the IBM graphics system was released as one of the first video cards for IBM PC compatibles to implement fixed-function 2D primitives in electronic hardware.

Fujitsu later competed with the FM Towns computer, released in with support for a full 16,, color palette, in, the first dedicated polygonal 3D graphics boards were introduced in arcades with the Namco System 21 and Taito Air System.

In, S3 Graphics introduced the S3 86C, which its designers named after the Porsche as an implication of the performance increase it promised. The 86C spawned a host of imitators, by, all major PC graphics chip makers had added 2D acceleration support to their chips.

By this time, fixed-function Windows accelerators had surpassed expensive general-purpose graphics coprocessors in Windows performance, throughout the s, 2D GUI acceleration continued to evolve.

Gigabyte — The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix giga means in the International System of Units, the unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB.

However, the term is used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote bytes. The use of gigabyte may thus be ambiguous, to address this ambiguity, the International System of Quantities standardizes the binary prefixes which denote a series of integer powers of With these prefixes, a module that is labeled as having the size 1GB has one gibibyte of storage capacity.

The term gigabyte is commonly used to mean either bytes or bytes, the latter binary usage originated as compromise technical jargon for byte multiples that needed to be expressed in a power of 2, but lacked a convenient name.

As is approximately, roughly corresponding to SI multiples, in the International Electrotechnical Commission published standards for binary prefixes, requiring that the gigabyte strictly denote bytes and gibibyte denote bytes.

The file manager of Mac OS X version The binary definition uses powers of the base 2, as is the principle of binary computers. This usage is widely promulgated by some operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows in reference to computer memory and this definition is synonymous with the unambiguous unit gibibyte.

Since the first disk drive, the IBM, disk drive manufacturers expressed hard drive capacities using decimal prefixes, with the advent of gigabyte-range drive capacities, manufacturers based most consumer hard drive capacities in certain size classes expressed in decimal gigabytes, such as GB.

The exact capacity of a given model is usually slightly larger than the class designation. Practically all manufacturers of disk drives and flash-memory disk devices continue to define one gigabyte as bytes.

Some operating systems such as OS X express hard drive capacity or file size using decimal multipliers and this discrepancy causes confusion, as a disk with an advertised capacity of, for example, GB might be reported by the operating system as GB, meaning GiB.

As storage sizes increase and larger units are used, these differences even more pronounced. Some legal challenges have been waged over this confusion such as a lawsuit against drive manufacturer Western Digital, Western Digital settled the challenge and added explicit disclaimers to products that the usable capacity may differ from the advertised capacity.

Random-access memory — Random-access memory is a form of computer data storage which stores frequently used program instructions to increase the general speed of a system. A random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same amount of time irrespective of the location of data inside the memory.

RAM contains multiplexing and demultiplexing circuitry, to connect the lines to the addressed storage for reading or writing the entry. Usually more than one bit of storage is accessed by the same address, in todays technology, random-access memory takes the form of integrated circuits.

RAM is normally associated with types of memory, where stored information is lost if power is removed. Other types of non-volatile memories exist that allow access for read operations.

Integrated-circuit RAM chips came into the market in the early s, with the first commercially available DRAM chip, early computers used relays, mechanical counters or delay lines for main memory functions.

Ultrasonic delay lines could only reproduce data in the order it was written, drum memory could be expanded at relatively low cost but efficient retrieval of memory items required knowledge of the physical layout of the drum to optimize speed.

Latches built out of vacuum tube triodes, and later, out of transistors, were used for smaller and faster memories such as registers. Such registers were relatively large and too costly to use for large amounts of data, the first practical form of random-access memory was the Williams tube starting in It stored data as electrically charged spots on the face of a cathode ray tube, since the electron beam of the CRT could read and write the spots on the tube in any order, memory was random access.

The capacity of the Williams tube was a few hundred to around a thousand bits, but it was smaller, faster. In fact, rather than the Williams tube memory being designed for the SSEM, magnetic-core memory was invented in and developed up until the mids.

It became a form of random-access memory, relying on an array of magnetized rings. By changing the sense of each rings magnetization, data could be stored with one bit stored per ring, since every ring had a combination of address wires to select and read or write it, access to any memory location in any sequence was possible.

Magnetic core memory was the form of memory system until displaced by solid-state memory in integrated circuits. Data was stored in the capacitance of each transistor, and had to be periodically refreshed every few milliseconds before the charge could leak away.

MMC originally used a 1-bit serial interface. MMC can be used in devices that can use Secure Digital cards. Typically, an MMC is used as a medium for a portable device. For example, a camera would use an MMC for storing image files.

With an MMC reader, a user could copy the pictures taken with the camera off to his or her computer. Modern computers, both laptops and desktops, often have SD slots, which can additionally read MMCs if the operating system drivers can, MMCs are available in sizes up to and including GB.

They are used in almost every context in which cards are used, like cellular phones, digital audio players, digital cameras. While few companies build MMC slots into devices today, the card is still widely used in the industry as a primary means of integrated storage in portable devices.

This technology is a standard available to any company wanting to develop based on it. There is no royalty charged for devices which host an MMC, a membership with the MMC Association must be purchased in order to manufacture the cards themselves.

As of July, the latest specifications version 4. A highly detailed version is available on-line that contains information for writing an MMC driver. As of February, the latest specifications version 5.

Subscriber identity module — It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards. SIM cards can also be used in satellite phones, the SIM circuit is part of the function of a Universal Integrated Circuit Card physical smart card, which is usually made of PVC with embedded contacts and semiconductors.

The operating voltage of the majority of SIM cards launched before was 5 V. In order to allow interoperability of the applications, Java Card was taken as the solution of choice by ETSI, additional standards and specifications of interest are maintained by GlobalPlatform.

This is used by operators to store information on preferred networks. The standard was introduced in August by joint efforts between SanDisk, Panasonic and Toshiba as an improvement over MultiMediaCards, and has become the industry standard.

SDA today has about 1, member companies, the SDA uses several trademarked logos owned and licensed by SD-3C to enforce compliance with its specifications and assure users of compatibility.

There are many combinations of factors and device families, although as of The three form factors are the size, the mini size, and the micro size. Electrically passive adapters allow a card to fit and function in a device built for a larger card.

The SD cards small footprint is a storage medium for smaller, thinner. The second-generation Secure Digital card was developed to improve on the MultiMediaCard standard, which continued to evolve, Secure Digital changed the MMC design in several ways, Asymmetrical slots in the sides of the SD card prevent inserting it upside down.

Most SD cards are 2. The SD specification envisioned capacities and transfer rates exceeding those of MMC, for a comparison table, see below. While MMC uses a pin for data transfers, the SD card added a four-wire bus mode for higher data rates.

The SD card added Content Protection for Recordable Media security circuitry for digital rights management content-protection, full-size SD cards do not fit into the slimmer MMC slots, and other issues also affect the ability to use one format in a host device designed for the other.

Battery electricity — An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smartphones, and electric cars.

When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that when connected to a circuit will flow. It is the movement of ions within the battery which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.

Historically the term specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells. Primary batteries are used once and discarded, the materials are irreversibly changed during discharge.

Common examples are the battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable electronic devices. Secondary batteries can be discharged and recharged multiple times using mains power from a wall socket, examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium-ion batteries used for portable electronics such as laptops and smartphones.

Batteries have much lower energy than common fuels such as gasoline. This is somewhat offset by the efficiency of electric motors in producing mechanical work. The usage of battery to describe a group of electrical devices dates to Benjamin Franklin, alessandro Volta built and described the first electrochemical battery, the voltaic pile, in This was a stack of copper and zinc plates, separated by brine-soaked paper disks, Volta did not understand that the voltage was due to chemical reactions.

Although early batteries were of value for experimental purposes, in practice their voltages fluctuated. It consisted of a pot filled with a copper sulfate solution, in which was immersed an unglazed earthenware container filled with sulfuric acid.

These wet cells used liquid electrolytes, which were prone to leakage and spillage if not handled correctly, many used glass jars to hold their components, which made them fragile and potentially dangerous.

These characteristics made wet cells unsuitable for portable appliances, near the end of the nineteenth century, the invention of dry cell batteries, which replaced the liquid electrolyte with a paste, made portable electrical devices practical.

Batteries convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy, a battery consists of some number of voltaic cells. Ampere hour — The commonly seen milliampere hour is one-thousandth of an ampere hour.

The ampere hour is used in measurements of electrochemical systems such as electroplating. A milliampere second is a unit of measure used in X-ray imaging, diagnostic imaging and this quantity is proportional to the total X-ray energy produced by a given X-ray tube operated at a particular voltage.

The same total dose can be delivered in different time periods depending on the X-ray tube current, an ampere hour is not a unit of energy. In a battery system, for example, accurate calculation of the energy delivered requires integration of the power delivered over the discharge interval, generally, the battery voltage varies during discharge, an average value or nominal value may be used to approximate the integration of power.

The Faraday constant is the charge on one mole of electrons and it is used in electrochemical calculations. An AA size dry cell has a capacity of about 2 to 3 ampere hours, automotive car batteries vary in capacity but a large automobile propelled by an internal combustion engine would have about a 50 ampere hour battery capacity.

Since one ampere hour can produce 0. Lithium polymer battery — A lithium polymer battery, or more correctly lithium-ion polymer battery, is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of the more common liquid electrolyte.

High conductivity semisolid polymers form the electrolyte for LiPo cells are being used in tablet computers, after that, other packaging forms evolved, including the pouch format now also called LiPo.

Lithium polymer cells have evolved from lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries. The primary difference is instead of using a lithium-salt electrolyte held in an organic solvent.

A typical cell has four components, positive electrode, negative electrode, separator. The separator itself may be a polymer, such as a film of polyethylene or polypropylene, thus, even when the cell has a liquid electrolyte.

In addition to this, the electrode can be further decomposed in three parts, the lithium-transition-metal-oxide, a conductive additive, and a polymer binder of poly. The negative electrode material may have the three parts, only with carbon replacing the lithium-metal-oxide.

To prevent the electrodes from touching each other directly, a separator is in between which allows only the ions and not the electrode particles to migrate from one side to the other.

For LiPo battery packs with cells connected in series, a specialised charger may monitor the charge on a per-cell basis so that all cells are brought to the state of charge.

Unlike lithium-ion cylindrical and prismatic cells, which have a metal case, LiPo cells have a flexible, foil-type case. LiPo cells provide manufacturers with compelling advantages and they can easily produce batteries of almost any desired shape.

Test reports warn of the risk of fire when the batteries are not used in accordance with the instructions, as of mid, LiPo packs of 1. Microphone — A microphone, colloquially nicknamed mic or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal.

Several different types of microphone are in use, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a wave to an electrical signal. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced, in order to speak to larger groups of people, a need arose to increase the volume of the human voice.

The earliest devices used to achieve this were acoustic megaphones, some of the first examples, from fifth century BC Greece, were theater masks with horn-shaped mouth openings that acoustically amplified the voice of actors in amphitheatres.

In, the English physicist Robert Hooke was the first to experiment with an other than air with the invention of the lovers telephone made of stretched wire with a cup attached at each end.

German inventor Johann Philipp Reis designed an early sound transmitter that used a strip attached to a vibrating membrane that would produce intermittent current. Better results were achieved with the transmitter design in Scottish-American Alexander Graham Bells telephone of — the diaphragm was attached to a conductive rod in an acid solution.

These systems, however, gave a poor sound quality. The first microphone that enabled proper voice telephony was the carbon microphone and this was independently developed by David Edward Hughes in England and Emile Berliner and Thomas Edison in the US.

Although Edison was awarded the first patent in mid, Hughes had demonstrated his working device in front of many witnesses some years earlier, the carbon microphone is the direct prototype of todays microphones and was critical in the development of telephony, broadcasting and the recording industries.

Thomas Edison refined the carbon microphone into his carbon-button transmitter of and this microphone was employed at the first ever radio broadcast, a performance at the New York Metropolitan Opera House in Wente of Western Electric developed the next breakthrough with the first condenser microphone, in, the first practical moving coil microphone was built.

The Marconi Skykes or magnetophon, developed by Captain H. Also in, the microphone was introduced, another electromagnetic type, believed to have been developed by Harry F. Over the years these microphones were developed by companies, most notably RCA that made large advancements in pattern control.

With television and film technology booming there was demand for high fidelity microphones, electro-Voice responded with their Academy Award-winning shotgun microphone in During the second half of 20th century development advanced quickly with the Shure Brothers bringing out the SM58, digital was pioneered by Milab in with the DM The latest research developments include the use of optics, lasers and interferometers.

Active noise control — Active noise control, also known as noise cancellation, or active noise reduction, is a method for reducing unwanted sound by the addition of a second sound specifically designed to cancel the first.

Sound is a wave, which consists of alternating periods of compression and rarefaction. A noise-cancellation speaker emits a sound wave with the same amplitude, the waves combine to form a new wave, in a process called interference, and effectively cancel each other out — an effect which is called destructive interference.

Modern active noise control is achieved through the use of analog circuits or digital signal processing. This inverted signal is amplified and a transducer creates a sound wave directly proportional to the amplitude of the original waveform.

This effectively reduces the volume of the perceivable noise, a noise-cancellation speaker may be co-located with the sound source to be attenuated. In this case it must have the same power level as the source of the unwanted sound.

Alternatively, the transducer emitting the cancellation signal may be located at the location where sound attenuation is wanted and this requires a much lower power level for cancellation but is effective only for a single user.

In small enclosed spaces global noise reduction can be achieved via multiple speakers and feedback microphones, applications can be 1-dimensional or 3-dimensional, depending on the type of zone to protect.

Periodic sounds, even ones, are easier to cancel than random sounds due to the repetition in the wave form. Protection of a 1-dimension zone is easier and requires one or two microphones and speakers to be effective.

Several commercial applications have been successful, noise-cancelling headphones, active mufflers, the term 1-dimension refers to a simple pistonic relationship between the noise and the active speaker or between the active speaker and the listener.

Protection of a 3-dimension zone requires many microphones and speakers, making it more expensive, high frequency waves are difficult to reduce in three dimensions due to their relatively short audio wavelength in air.

High frequency sounds above Hz tend to cancel and reinforce unpredictably from many directions, in sum, the most effective noise reduction in three-dimensional space involves low frequency sounds.

This is because an engines cyclic nature makes fast Fourier transform analysis, noise control is an active or passive means of reducing sound emissions, often for personal comfort, environmental considerations or legal compliance.

Active noise control is sound reduction using a power source, passive noise control is sound reduction by noise-isolating materials such as insulation, sound-absorbing tiles, or a muffler rather than a power source.

Active noise canceling is best suited for low frequencies, for higher frequencies, the spacing requirements for free space and zone of silence techniques become prohibitive.

In acoustic cavity and duct based systems, the number of nodes grows rapidly with increasing frequency, passive treatments become more effective at higher frequencies and often provide an adequate solution without the need for active control.

Gyroscope — A gyroscope is a spinning wheel or disc in which the axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation by itself. When rotating, the orientation of this axis is unaffected by tilting or rotation of the mounting, according to the conservation of angular momentum, because of this, gyroscopes are useful for measuring or maintaining orientation.

Due to their precision, gyroscopes are used in gyrotheodolites to maintain direction in tunnel mining. Gyroscopes can be used to construct gyrocompasses, which complement or replace magnetic compasses, a gyroscope is a wheel mounted in two or three gimbals, which are a pivoted supports that allow the rotation of the wheel about a single axis.

In the case of a gyroscope with two gimbals, the gimbal, which is the gyroscope frame, is mounted so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane determined by the support.

This outer gimbal possesses one degree of freedom and its axis possesses none. The inner gimbal is mounted in the frame so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane that is always perpendicular to the pivotal axis of the gyroscope frame.

This inner gimbal has two degrees of rotational freedom, the axle of the spinning wheel defines the spin axis. The rotor is constrained to spin about an axis, which is perpendicular to the axis of the inner gimbal.

So the rotor possesses three degrees of freedom and its axis possesses two. The wheel responds to a force applied to the axis by a reaction force to the output axis. The behaviour of a gyroscope can be most easily appreciated by consideration of the front wheel of a bicycle.

If the wheel is leaned away from the vertical so that the top of the moves to the left. In other words, rotation on one axis of the turning wheel produces rotation of the third axis, a gyroscope flywheel will roll or resist about the output axis depending upon whether the output gimbals are of a free or fixed configuration.

Examples of some free-output-gimbal devices would be the attitude reference gyroscopes used to sense or measure the pitch, roll, the centre of gravity of the rotor can be in a fixed position.

Some gyroscopes have mechanical equivalents substituted for one or more of the elements, for example, the spinning rotor may be suspended in a fluid, instead of being pivotally mounted in gimbals.

In some special cases, the outer gimbal may be omitted so that the rotor has two degrees of freedom. Essentially, a gyroscope is a top combined with a pair of gimbals, Tops were invented in many different civilizations, including classical Greece, Rome, and China.

Accelerometer — An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration, proper acceleration is not the same as coordinate acceleration. For example, an accelerometer at rest on the surface of the Earth will measure an acceleration due to Earths gravity, by contrast, accelerometers in free fall will measure zero.

Accelerometers have multiple applications in industry and science, highly sensitive accelerometers are components of inertial navigation systems for aircraft and missiles. Accelerometers are used to detect and monitor vibration in rotating machinery, accelerometers are used in tablet computers and digital cameras so that images on screens are always displayed upright.

Accelerometers are used in drones for flight stabilisation, coordinated accelerometers can be used to measure differences in proper acceleration, particularly gravity, over their separation in space, i.

This gravity gradiometry is useful because absolute gravity is a weak effect, micromachined accelerometers are increasingly present in portable electronic devices and video game controllers, to detect the position of the device or provide for game input.

An accelerometer measures proper acceleration, which is the acceleration it experiences relative to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects. Put another way, at any point in spacetime the equivalence principle guarantees the existence of an inertial frame.

Such accelerations are popularly denoted g-force, i. The reason for the appearance of an offset is Einsteins equivalence principle. For similar reasons, an accelerometer will read zero during any type of free fall and this includes use in a coasting spaceship in deep space far from any mass, a spaceship orbiting the Earth, an airplane in a parabolic zero-g arc, or any free-fall in vacuum.

Another example is free-fall at a high altitude that atmospheric effects can be neglected. However this does not include a fall in air resistance produces drag forces that reduce the acceleration.

At terminal velocity the accelerometer will indicate 1 g acceleration upwards, Acceleration is quantified in the SI unit metres per second per second, in the cgs unit gal, or popularly in terms of standard gravity.

For the practical purpose of finding the acceleration of objects with respect to the Earth, such as for use in a navigation system. This can be obtained either by calibrating the device at rest, conceptually, an accelerometer behaves as a damped mass on a spring.

When the accelerometer experiences an acceleration, the mass is displaced to the point that the spring is able to accelerate the mass at the rate as the casing. The displacement is measured to give the acceleration.

Proximity sensor — A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity sensor often emits a field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation.

The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensors target, different proximity sensor targets demand different sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensor might be suitable for a plastic target, the maximum distance that this sensor can detect is defined nominal range.

Some sensors have adjustments of the range or means to report a graduated detection distance. Some know these process as thermosensation, proximity sensors can have a high reliability and long functional life because of the absence of mechanical parts and lack of physical contact between sensor and the sensed object.

Proximity sensors are used on smartphones to detect accidental touchscreen taps when held to the ear during a call. They are also used in machine vibration monitoring to measure the variation in distance between a shaft and its support bearing and this is common in large steam turbines, compressors, and motors that use sleeve-type bearings.

International Electrotechnical Commission defines the technical details of proximity sensors, a proximity sensor adjusted to a very short range is often used as a touch switch.

Proximity sensors can be used to recognise air gestures and hover-manipulations, an array of proximity sensing elements can replace vision-camera or depth camera based solutions for the hand gesture detection.

In particular, a car infotainment system in vehicle can employ the proximity sensors to cover the area over the screen. For example, LG Electronics has recently filed several patents addressing this advanced technology, sheet break sensing in paper machine.

Automatic faucets Motion detector Occupancy sensor. Multi-touch — In computing, multi-touch is technology that enables a surface to recognize the presence of more than one or more than two points of contact with the surface.

This plural-point awareness may be used to implement additional functionality, such as pinch to zoom or to activate certain subroutines attached to predefined gestures, the use of touchscreen technology to control electronic devices pre-dates multi-touch technology and the personal computer.

Early synthesizer and electronic instrument builders like Hugh Le Caine and Robert Moog experimented with using touch-sensitive capacitance sensors to control the sounds made by their instruments, early touchscreens only registered one point of touch at a time.

On-screen keyboards were thus awkward to use, because key-rollover and holding down a key while typing another were not possible.

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The company unveiled its first device, the OnePlus One, on 23 April, OnePlus made its products available in Southeast Asia for the first time, partnering with Lazada Indonesia on 23 January and is expected to expand during this year throughout the region.

On 9 March the company decided to expand its operations to all European countries except Switzerland, serving now 43 countries, OnePlus ended the invite system with the launch of OnePlus 3 on June 14, The One also debuted the infamous invite system, which ensure that the company didnt take more orders than it was capable of shipping, the OnePlus One had several minor hardware issues at launch, which reportedly was corrected in later batches of the phone.

The OnePlus 2 was the successor to the highly successful first phone. It was unveiled a little over a year after the One and it was highly promoted as Flagship killer. There were very high expectations for the second generation OnePlus phones, One of the marketing channels used, was YouTube tech reviewer MKBHD, who was sent a unit, which he covered in detail leading up to the launch.

The OnePlus 3 was unveiled on June 14,, the 3 was the companys first metal unibody phone. Slogan — The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising.

A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm.

Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience.

Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons.

Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value.

With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand.

Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying.

The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself.

The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom.

Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans.

Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product.

China — China, officially the Peoples Republic of China, is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the worlds most populous country, with a population of over 1.

China is a power and a major regional power within Asia. Chinas landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from forest steppes, the Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges separate China from much of South and Central Asia.

The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the third and sixth longest in the world, respectively, Chinas coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14, kilometers long and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East China and South China seas.

China emerged as one of the worlds earliest civilizations in the basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, Chinas political system was based on hereditary monarchies known as dynasties, in, the Republic of China replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until, when it was defeated by the communist Peoples Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War.

The Communist Party established the Peoples Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October, both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China, though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory.

China had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two years, during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline. Since the introduction of reforms in, China has become one of the worlds fastest-growing major economies.

As of, it is the worlds second-largest economy by nominal GDP, China is also the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a nuclear weapons state and has the worlds largest standing army.

Security Council in The official name of the state is the Peoples Republic of China. It is used by institutions and governments, as well as in marketing and it is particularly common among North American companies.

The region is accepted to include all European nations, all African nations. Typically this does not include independent overseas territories of countries in the region.

The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its large size and population.

In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, the western boundary with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them.

The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal, the Ural River, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains, China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to A.

The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination, the Silk Road became the main East-West trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route.

Asia has exhibited economic dynamism as well as robust population growth during the 20th century, given its size and diversity, the concept of Asia—a name dating back to classical antiquity—may actually have more to do with human geography than physical geography.

Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties, the boundary between Asia and Africa is the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Suez Canal.

This makes Egypt a transcontinental country, with the Sinai peninsula in Asia, the border between Asia and Europe was historically defined by European academics. In Sweden, five years after Peters death, in Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published a new atlas proposing the Urals as the border of Asia, the Russians were enthusiastic about the concept, which allowed them to keep their European identity in geography.

Tatishchev announced that he had proposed the idea to von Strahlenberg, the latter had suggested the Emba River as the lower boundary. Over the next century various proposals were made until the Ural River prevailed in the midth century, the border had been moved perforce from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea into which the Ural River projects.

The border between the Black Sea and the Caspian is usually placed along the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, the border between Asia and the loosely defined region of Oceania is usually placed somewhere in the Malay Archipelago.

The terms Southeast Asia and Oceania, devised in the 19th century, have had several different geographic meanings since their inception. The chief factor in determining which islands of the Malay Archipelago are Asian has been the location of the possessions of the various empires there.

Lewis and Wigen assert, The narrowing of Southeast Asia to its present boundaries was thus a gradual process, Asia is larger and more culturally diverse than Europe.

It does not exactly correspond to the borders of its various types of constituents. From the time of Herodotus a minority of geographers have rejected the three-continent system on the grounds there is no or is no substantial physical separation between them.

It can also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

North America covers an area of about 24,, square kilometers, about North America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.

In, its population was estimated at nearly million people in 23 independent states, or about 7. The so-called Paleo-Indian period is taken to have lasted until about 10, years ago, the Classic stage spans roughly the 6th to 13th centuries.

The Pre-Columbian era ended with the migrations and the arrival of European settlers during the Age of Discovery. Present-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect different kind of interactions between European colonists, indigenous peoples, African slaves and their descendants, European influences are strongest in the northern parts of the continent while indigenous and African influences are relatively stronger in the south.

Vespucci, who explored South America between and, was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a different landmass previously unknown by Europeans.

He used the Latinized version of Vespuccis name, but in its feminine form America, following the examples of Europa, Asia and Africa. Later, other mapmakers extended the name America to the continent, In Some argue that the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries except in the case of royalty, a minutely explored belief that has been advanced is that America was named for a Spanish sailor bearing the ancient Visigothic name of Amairick.

Another is that the name is rooted in a Native American language, the term North America maintains various definitions in accordance with location and context. In Canadian English, North America may be used to refer to the United States, alternatively, usage sometimes includes Greenland and Mexico, as well as offshore islands.

Smartphone — A smartphone is a mobile phone with an advanced mobile operating system that combines features of a personal computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use.

In, the Japanese firm NTT DoCoMo released the first smartphones to achieve mass adoption within a country, smartphones became widespread in the late s. Most of those produced from onward have high-speed mobile broadband 4G LTE, motion sensors, in the third quarter of, one billion smartphones were in use worldwide.

Global smartphone sales surpassed the sales figures for regular cell phones in early, devices that combined telephony and computing were first conceptualized by Nikola Tesla in and Theodore Paraskevakos in and patented in, and were offered for sale beginning in Paraskevakos was the first to introduce the concepts of intelligence, data processing and they were installed at Peoples Telephone Company in Leesburg, Alabama and were demonstrated to several telephone companies.

The original and historic working models are still in the possession of Paraskevakos, the first mobile phone to incorporate PDA features was a prototype developed by Frank Canova in while at IBM and demonstrated that year at the COMDEX computer industry trade show.

It included PDA features and other mobile applications such as maps, stock reports. A refined version was marketed to consumers in by BellSouth under the name Simon Personal Communicator, the Simon was the first commercially available device that could be properly referred to as a smartphone, although it was not called that in The two components were attached by a hinge in what known as a clamshell design, with the display above.

The PDA provided e-mail, calendar, address book, calculator and notebook applications, text-based Web browsing, when closed, the device could be used as a digital cellular phone.

The first device marketed as a smartphone, it combined the functions of a phone and PDA. Form factor mobile phones — The form factor of a mobile phone is its size, shape, and style, as well as the layout and position of its major components.

The name is derived from the resemblance to a chocolate bar in size. This form factor is used by a variety of manufacturers, such as Nokia. Bar type mobile phones commonly have the screen and keypad on a single face, the Samsung SPH-M has a unique bar style, offering different devices on either side of the bar, a phone on one side, and a digital audio player on the other.

Sony Ericsson also had a well-known MarsBar phone model CM-H, brick is a slang term almost always used to refer to large, outdated bar-type phones, typically early mobile phones with large batteries and electronics.

Such early mobile phones, such as the Motorola DynaTAC, have been displaced by newer models which offer greater portability thanks to smaller antennas. A slate or touchscreen phone is a subset of the bar form that, like a computer, has few physical buttons, instead relying upon a touchscreen.

The first commercially available touchscreen phone was the IBM Simon Personal Communicator, the iPhone released in is largely responsible for the influence and achievement of this design as it is currently conceived.

Since mids almost all come in touchscreen slate form. Phablets typically have screens that measure between 5. When flipped open, the speaker and microphone are placed closer to the operators ear and mouth.

When flipped shut, the phone becomes smaller and more portable than when it is opened for use. Motorola was once owner of a trademark for the flip phone. Motorola was the manufacturer of the famed StarTAC flip phone, in, Motorola introduced a different kind of flip phone with its Backflip smartphone.

When closed, one side is the screen and the other is a physical QWERTY keyboard, the hinge is on a long edge of the phone instead of a short edge, and when flipped out the screen is above the keyboard.

Clamshell came to be used as generic for this form factor, flip phone referred to phones that opened on the vertical axis. Mobile operating system — A mobile operating system is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, or other mobile devices.

This distinction is becoming blurred in some operating systems that are hybrids made for both uses. So-called mobile operating systems, or even only smartphones running them, Mobile operating systems, are now, as of late, the most used kind, with traditional desktop OS, now a minority used kind, see usage share of operating systems.

However, variations occur in popularity by regions, while desktop-minority also applies on some days in e. By the end of, over million smartphones were sold with Research has shown that these systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.

Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones and smartphones, — The first smartphone, the IBM Simon, has a touchscreen, email, and PDA features. Android Lollipop — Android Lollipop is a codename for the Android mobile operating system developed by Google, spanning versions between 5.

Its source code was available on November 3, Lollipop is succeeded by Marshmallow, which was released in October, Android 5. Part of the presentation was dedicated to a new design language referred to as material design.

Seams and shadows provide meaning about what you can touch, the material design language will not only be used on Android, but across Googles suite of web software as well, providing a consistent experience across all platforms.

A do-not-disturb feature is added for notifications. The recent apps menu was redesigned to use a stack of cards to represent open apps. Individual apps can also display multiple cards in the recents menu, Lollipop also contains major new platform features for developers, with over 5, new APIs added for use by applications.

For example, there is the possibility to save photos in a raw image format, additionally, the Dalvik virtual machine was officially replaced by Android Runtime, which is a new runtime environment that was introduced as a technology preview in KitKat.

ART is a cross-platform runtime which supports the x86, ARM, unlike Dalvik, which uses just-in-time compilation, ART compiles apps upon installation, which are then run exclusively from the compiled version from then on.

This technique removes the processing associated with the JIT process. Lollipop also aims to improve battery consumption through a series of known as Project Volta. The new developer tool called Battery Historian can be used for tracking battery consumption by apps while in use, the Android Extension Pack APIs also provide graphics functions such as new shaders, aiming to provide PC-level graphics for 3D games on Android devices.

A number of system-level, enterprise-oriented features were introduced under the banner Android for Work. Lollipop was, additionally, to have device encryption enabled by default on all devices, however, due to performance issues.

Android Marshmallow — Android Marshmallow is the sixth major version of the Android operating system. First released as a build on May 28,, it was officially released on October 5, Marshmallow primarily focuses on improving the user experience of its predecessor.

As of 6 March, A new Assist API allows information from an app, including text. This system is used by the Google Search app feature Google Now on Tap, by holding the Home button or using a voice command, on-screen cards are generated which display information, suggestions, and actions related to the content.

Direct Share allows Share menus to display recently used combinations of contacts, adoptable storage allows a newly inserted SD card or other secondary storage media to be designated as either portable or internal storage.

When designated as Internal storage, the media is reformatted with an encrypted ext4 file system. Existing data are migrated to the storage, and normal operation of the device becomes dependent on the presence of the media.

Apps and operating system functions will not function if the adopted storage device is removed. If the user access to the storage media, the adopted storage can be forgotten. Android Marshmallow introduces a redesigned application permissions model, apps are no longer automatically granted all of their specified permissions at installation time.

An opt-in system is now used, in which users are prompted to grant or deny individual permissions to an application when they are needed for the first time, applications remember the grants, which can be revoked by the user at any time.

The new permissions model is used only by applications developed for Marshmallow using its software development kit, permissions can still be revoked for those apps, though this might prevent them from working properly, and a warning is displayed to that effect.

In this state, network connectivity and background processing is restricted, additionally, network access by apps is deferred if the user has not recently interacted with the app.

System on a chip — A system on a chip or system on chip is an integrated circuit that integrates all components of a computer or other electronic systems.

It may contain digital, analog, mixed-signal, and often radio-frequency functions—all on a single substrate, SoCs are very common in the mobile computing market because of their low power-consumption.

A typical application is in the area of embedded systems, the contrast with a microcontroller, SoC integrates microcontroller with advanced peripherals like graphics processing unit, Wi-Fi module, or coprocessor.

As long as we remember that the SoC does not necessarily contain built-in memory, in general, we can distinguish three types of SoC. When it is not feasible to construct a SoC for a particular application, in large volumes, SoC is believed to be more cost-effective than SiP since it increases the yield of the fabrication and because its packaging is simpler.

Another option, as seen for example in cell phones, is package on package stacking during board assembly. The SoC includes processors and numerous digital peripherals, and comes in a ball grid package with lower and upper connections.

The lower balls connect to the board and various peripherals, with the balls in a ring holding the memory buses used to access NAND flash. Memory packages could come from multiple vendors, DMA controllers route data directly between external interfaces and memory, bypassing the processor core and thereby increasing the data throughput of the SoC.

A SoC consists of both the hardware, described above, and the controlling the microcontroller, microprocessor or DSP cores, peripherals. The design flow for a SoC aims to develop hardware and software in parallel.

Most SoCs are developed from pre-qualified hardware blocks for the elements described above. Of particular importance are the protocol stacks that drive industry-standard interfaces like USB, the hardware blocks are put together using CAD tools, the software modules are integrated using a software-development environment.

Once the architecture of the SoC has been defined, any new elements are written in an abstract language termed RTL which defines the circuit behaviour. These elements are connected together in the same RTL language to create the full SoC design, chips are verified for logical correctness before being sent to foundry.

This process is called functional verification and it accounts for a significant portion of the time, with the growing complexity of chips, hardware verification languages like SystemVerilog, SystemC, e, and OpenVera are being used.

Bugs found in the stage are reported to the designer. Qualcomm — Qualcomm is an American multinational semiconductor and telecommunications equipment company that designs and markets wireless telecommunications products and services.

It derives most of its revenue from chipmaking and the bulk of its profit from patent licensing businesses, the company headquarters are located in San Diego, California, United States, and has worldwide locations.

In, Qualcomm began the design of the first CDMA-based cellular base station and this work began as a study contract from AirTouch which was facing a shortage of cellular capacity in Los Angeles.

Two years later Qualcomm began to manufacture CDMA cell phones, base stations, the initial base stations were not reliable and the technology was licensed wholly to Nortel in return for their work in improving the base station switching.

The naming rights belong to Qualcomm until In, Qualcomm sold its base station business to Ericsson, the company was now focused on developing and licensing wireless technologies and selling ASICs that implement them.

Steve Mollenkopf was promoted to president and chief operating officer of the company, mollenkopfs appointment as CEO was announced on December 13, and took effect on March 4, He succeeded Paul E.

However, surprised by the release of the bit Apple A7 in September, furthermore, Qualcomm was facing anti-trust investigations in China, the European Union, and the United States.

The combination of pressures caused a significant fall in Qualcomms profits. In July, the company cut 4, jobs or about 15 percent of its 31, current workforce due to decline of sales, executive management knew this was coming so they came up with a plan to retain its employees.

However, instead of paying reasonable salary, executive management used this plan as a justification to give themselves a big payout first and then lay off employees later. In December, Qualcomm Inc.

Central processing unit — The computer industry has used the term central processing unit at least since the early s. The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed over the course of their history, most modern CPUs are microprocessors, meaning they are contained on a single integrated circuit chip.

An IC that contains a CPU may also contain memory, peripheral interfaces, some computers employ a multi-core processor, which is a single chip containing two or more CPUs called cores, in that context, one can speak of such single chips as sockets.

Array processors or vector processors have multiple processors that operate in parallel, there also exists the concept of virtual CPUs which are an abstraction of dynamical aggregated computational resources.

Since the term CPU is generally defined as a device for software execution, the idea of a stored-program computer was already present in the design of J. EDVAC was designed to perform a number of instructions of various types.

Significantly, the programs written for EDVAC were to be stored in high-speed computer memory rather than specified by the wiring of the computer. Early CPUs were custom designs used as part of a larger, however, this method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of multi-purpose processors produced in large quantities.

This standardization began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit. The IC has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers, both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines.

Modern microprocessors appear in electronic devices ranging from automobiles to cellphones, the so-called Harvard architecture of the Harvard Mark I, which was completed before EDVAC, also utilized a stored-program design using punched paper tape rather than electronic memory.

Relays and vacuum tubes were used as switching elements, a useful computer requires thousands or tens of thousands of switching devices. The overall speed of a system is dependent on the speed of the switches, tube computers like EDVAC tended to average eight hours between failures, whereas relay computers like the Harvard Mark I failed very rarely.

In the end, tube-based CPUs became dominant because the significant speed advantages afforded generally outweighed the reliability problems, most of these early synchronous CPUs ran at low clock rates compared to modern microelectronic designs.

Clock signal frequencies ranging from kHz to 4 MHz were very common at this time, the design complexity of CPUs increased as various technologies facilitated building smaller and more reliable electronic devices.

Multi-core processor — A multi-core processor is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processing units, which are units that read and execute program instructions.

The instructions are ordinary CPU instructions, but the multiple cores can run multiple instructions at the same time, manufacturers typically integrate the cores onto a single integrated circuit die, or onto multiple dies in a single chip package.

A multi-core processor implements multiprocessing in a physical package. Designers may couple cores in a multi-core device tightly or loosely, for example, cores may or may not share caches, and they may implement message passing or shared-memory inter-core communication methods.

Common network topologies to interconnect cores include bus, ring, two-dimensional mesh, homogeneous multi-core systems include only identical cores, heterogeneous multi-core systems have cores that are not identical.

Just as with single-processor systems, cores in multi-core systems may implement architectures such as VLIW, superscalar, Multi-core processors are widely used across many application domains, including general-purpose, embedded, network, digital signal processing, and graphics.

The improvement in performance gained by the use of a multi-core processor depends very much on the algorithms used. In particular, possible gains are limited by the fraction of the software that can run in parallel simultaneously on multiple cores, most applications, however, are not accelerated so much unless programmers invest a prohibitive amount of effort in re-factoring the whole problem.

The parallelization of software is a significant ongoing topic of research, the terms multi-core and dual-core most commonly refer to some sort of central processing unit, but are sometimes also applied to digital signal processors and system on a chip.

This article uses the terms multi-core and dual-core for CPUs manufactured on the integrated circuit. In contrast to systems, the term multi-CPU refers to multiple physically separate processing-units.

The terms many-core and massively multi-core are sometimes used to describe multi-core architectures with a high number of cores. Some systems use many soft microprocessor cores placed on a single FPGA, each core can be considered a semiconductor intellectual property core as well as a CPU core.

While manufacturing technology improves, reducing the size of individual gates and these physical limitations can cause significant heat dissipation and data synchronization problems. Various other methods are used to improve CPU performance, some instruction-level parallelism methods such as superscalar pipelining are suitable for many applications, but are inefficient for others that contain difficult-to-predict code.

Many applications are better suited to thread-level parallelism methods, and multiple independent CPUs are commonly used to increase a systems overall TLP, a combination of increased available space and the demand for increased TLP led to the development of multi-core CPUs.

Several business motives drive the development of multi-core architectures, for decades, it was possible to improve performance of a CPU by shrinking the area of the integrated circuit, which reduced the cost per device on the IC.

Alternatively, for the circuit area, more transistors could be used in the design. Hertz — The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units and is defined as one cycle per second.

It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in SI multiples kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, kilo means thousand, mega meaning million, giga meaning billion and tera for trillion.

Some of the units most common uses are in the description of waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio-. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers, the hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i.

One hertz simply means one cycle per second, Hz means one hundred cycles per second, and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, the rate of aperiodic or stochastic events occur is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second in general or, the specific case of radioactive decay, becquerels.

This SI unit is named after Heinrich Hertz, as with every International System of Units unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case. Note that degree Celsius conforms to this rule because the d is lowercase.

The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission in, the term cycles per second was largely replaced by hertz by the s. One hobby magazine, Electronics Illustrated, declared their intention to stick with the traditional kc.

Humans perceive frequency of waves as pitch. Each musical note corresponds to a frequency which can be measured in hertz. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20, Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond.

Electromagnetic radiation is described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation is measured in kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz.

Graphics processing unit — GPUs are used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations, and game consoles. Arcade system boards have been using specialized graphics chips since the s, in early video game hardware, the RAM for frame buffers was expensive, so video chips composited data together as the display was being scanned out on the monitor.

Fujitsus MB video shifter was used to accelerate the drawing of sprite graphics for various s arcade games from Taito and Midway, such as Gun Fight, Sea Wolf, the Namco Galaxian arcade system in used specialized graphics hardware supporting RGB color, multi-colored sprites and tilemap backgrounds.

In the home market, the Atari in used a video shifter called the Television Interface Adaptor, machine code subroutines could be triggered on scan lines by setting a bit on a display list instruction.

ANTIC also supported smooth vertical and horizontal scrolling independent of the CPU and it became one of the best known of what were known as graphics processing units in the s.

The Williams Electronics arcade games Robotron,, Joust, Sinistar, in, the Commodore Amiga featured a custom graphics chip, with a blitter unit accelerating bitmap manipulation, line draw, and area fill functions.

Also included is a coprocessor with its own instruction set, capable of manipulating graphics hardware registers in sync with the video beam. In, Texas Instruments released the TMS, the first microprocessor with on-chip graphics capabilities and it could run general-purpose code, but it had a very graphics-oriented instruction set.

In, this chip would become the basis of the Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture Windows accelerator cards, in, the IBM graphics system was released as one of the first video cards for IBM PC compatibles to implement fixed-function 2D primitives in electronic hardware.

Fujitsu later competed with the FM Towns computer, released in with support for a full 16,, color palette, in, the first dedicated polygonal 3D graphics boards were introduced in arcades with the Namco System 21 and Taito Air System.

In, S3 Graphics introduced the S3 86C, which its designers named after the Porsche as an implication of the performance increase it promised. The 86C spawned a host of imitators, by, all major PC graphics chip makers had added 2D acceleration support to their chips.

By this time, fixed-function Windows accelerators had surpassed expensive general-purpose graphics coprocessors in Windows performance, throughout the s, 2D GUI acceleration continued to evolve.

Gigabyte — The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix giga means in the International System of Units, the unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB.

However, the term is used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote bytes. The use of gigabyte may thus be ambiguous, to address this ambiguity, the International System of Quantities standardizes the binary prefixes which denote a series of integer powers of With these prefixes, a module that is labeled as having the size 1GB has one gibibyte of storage capacity.

For the average consumer buying a Samsung phone, they walk into a store, see that phone with a thin bezel curved display, and buy it. For the average consumer buying an iPhone, they already plan on having an iPhone and just head straight to the iPhone section and buy an iPhone.

Not many people buy Samsung phones because "wow a screenshot feature". They buy them because they are marketed very well and they are very eye catching hardware wise. Samsung phones are known to have more features than all other Android boned phones and people like it.

That's why they buy them including the awesome hardware. The average consumer buys an iPhone. At least in the US. Not saying that all Android users are tech-savvy but definitely more than percent of users would be happy with Google making the Pixel ROM available.

Android Oreo is currently sitting at 1. Anyone who cares about stock Android will more than likely be on this version, so there are much less people that care about stock Android than you would assume.

Just because people are more vocal about it, doesn't mean that there's actually more of them. I should correct that though, looking more into, that's phone activation's, not actual user base. It doesn't seem to be as big a difference in actual phones but Android does still have the lead.

Well, to be fair, IOS doesn't have any cheap, prepaid, "burner" phone options out there like Android does. So it makes sense that there would be a lot more activations on Android even when comparing to number of actual users than on IOS.

I don't even know of where to start to get an iPhone like that. Being "Tech-savvy" does not make one prone to like the Pixel, or formerly Nexus, Android experience.

Multi windows, blue light filter etc. Plus it'll also benefit Google to have more people on stock instead of a highly modified version. Google's own distribution numbers for Android paint a pretty telling picture.

And Google makes a vast majority of their money through ad revenue, it doesn't matter what kind of skin your phone has as long as Android is what powers it then they get what they want.

Stock Android does nothing to their revenue versus a skinned version of Android. What users want is an experience devoid of bloatware and crappy UI remember TouchWiz?

Most of the custome UIs unnecessary slows down phones when compared with pure Android. Just give us an option to switch back to the default Android UI and users will be happy. All the large phones I see nowadays are only a marginal upgrade for me but most importantly they all have shit software.

I would kill for a Razer phone's screen, internal specs, and speakers built out into the full Z Ultra's body. I love the GPE phones. The GPE versions make it so that all parts of the ported ROMs are actually compatible and work well, instead of the "what's broken, you tell me" stuff.

Note 8 GPE would be the absolute perfect device for me. It might be even slower as I think OEM will definitely optimize their apps better on average per app that developers working separately.

Also I dont think many people like stock android as they install nova launcher on top of it. I personally like iOS version of no app drawer, because once I set up my apps icons i know when to look for app, where with app drawer once I install new app, all other apps change their positions.

Also google apps are bloatware for me as I cant delete them apps beside google play store and google services. Are you trying to say simply having an app drawer means you can't put your apps how you like on your home screen?

Added apps don't make a phone slower then having them there day one, at worst is equally slow and that is only if you add all OEM apps. Most likely you'd not want all of them, or just instead choose those more optimized alternatives..

Not really, just makes development easier as far as I know. Not that I'm the authority on treble lol. I hate myself for not being able to let that go.

The rest of the opinion piece is well said. All I want is no bloatware, no broken features especially notifications, and no ugly animations. The inconvenience of downloading the App store and acquiring my application suite manually far exceeds any inconvenience caused by Touchwiz.

Google frameworks and services are a proprietary addon on top of android which by the way completely violates the privacy of it's users. I guess "stripped" wasn't the most accurate wording but I said it to mean that pure AOSP without Google's services would feel lacking for a lot of people.

As for Google's services "completely violates" user privacy, users know what they sign up for when they use them. It's not a violation of privacy if users voluntarily give up their data in exchange for services.

Unless Google is purposefully hiding what they collect from their users, it's not a violation. That's like saying all sex between adults is rape even with explicit consent that wasn't coerced.

Google's unbelievably open about what they collect with nearly everything listed at in the Activities page. There have been leaks which show that google collects quite a bit more than it admits to.

For instance, it collects location data even with gps turned off: And no, most people do not understand the importance of metadata and analytics and how just the things that they sign up for can be misused.

If that's your thinking you don't really even want AOSP Android or LineageOS - the only version of Android I've even heard of that doesn't use closed drivers or a closed bootloader was Replicant and it sounds basically unusable for most people.

It's best to secure yourself as much as you can, the next step for me would only be moving to a flip phone and i really need a smartphone so until there is an open hardware smarthpone i will use a phone that is open source as much as possible - with a LOS rom and f-droid.

I'm not saying they haven't done some shady stuff and won't continue to do shady stuff but guess what, so does every other corporation designed to make money and Google have been some of the most open about what they actually do.

That example itself was Google openly admitting to it and at least according to them, was an experiment for an improved message delivery system, albeit poorly thought out.

Whether or not you trust that is up to you. As for most people not understanding metadata and analytics, they don't need to. All they need to know is Google collects their data and uses it to make money.

It's up to them to decide if they trust that or if they want to research more into it and how they do it and if they don't trust it, they have the choice to not use their services.

People should be held responsible for their own ignorance unless they were expressly lied to. If it's closed source, it makes money and someone doesn't want their competitors getting at it.

Whether it's objectively malware or not depends on the motive to cause explicit harm. Whether or not you want to consider it malware for your own reasons is up to you but you can't go around claiming closed-source is objectively malware just because you want to.

At that point, you're the one being disingenuous. I buy devices only with bootloader that can be unlocked. That trips Samsung pay, which IMO, is the most revolutionary thing in payments since plastic cards.

They're certainly the most adopted form of mobile payments in the world, given that China's mobile payments volume last year was 50x that of the US, with only 4x the population.

Your numbers are misleading. The top 5 cities in China by metropolitan population have more than half of the United States' total population. Of course densely populated cities with established payment terminals or codes are going to annihilate mobile payment usage in the US.

There are still places that haven't switched over to chip readers, let alone installed mobile payment access points. Mobile payments are available even in rural areas in China - with QR codes they can be made without the need for any equipment beyond the buyer's phone and a printed QR code for the seller.

Most Samsung devices come with a locked boot loader that can't be unlocked anyways. Even if some devices can be unlocked, you ll loose the warranty upon tripping the knox e-fuse.

My P10 is fast as new, and it's really smooth. When I got it, I thought the bloated software would be a huge problem, but so far it really hasn't been. You might, as an enthusiast.

And for you, custom ROMs exist. Most people want a fully featured OS that they don't have to screw with. Biased fanbois will never change. They love boned ROMs? Buy pixel or sony.

None forced them to buy Samsung. I like miui and LGs overlay, what I don't like, is that these versions of Android often take ages to update to the latest Android version if they ever do.

But there are some functions Xiaomi and LG have which I wish stock Android has, or they just look nice. I guess I would say I want Google Android then. I want a version of Android that lets me pick what Google apps I want and I can go from there.

Previous iterations of TouchWiz, indeed, did add a lot of performance degradation for little value. However, Experience 8 and 9 really knocked it out of the park. The theming engine is fantastic.

The thing is, AOSP is completely barren and devoid of even the most basic features and apps users have come to expect on smartphones. Launcher3 really only has settings for wallpaper and widgets and nothing more.

There are barely any apps that come with AOSP no music player, for example and the ones that do are hardly usable like the browser. Want a different launcher?

Get a different launcher. Want a music player? Get a music player. Want a better browser? Get a better browser. They also missed one very important thing people usually want when they talk about "pure Android": It shouldn't take half a year or more to get Oreo on a flagship phone, but here we are.

I honestly thought people in this sub would have loved this article because I've seen plenty of people criticizing stock Android. I'm a stock android lover personally but realize there's some who don't view it as necessary.

They're the ones who will bother to comment on articles like this, while normal people just buy the phones that do what they want. When I rooted my phone, I uninstalled everything that was non-essential.

I got rid of the Google search app so I don't have that search bar on the top. What this article misses is that we value timely updates to the major core version of Android over the surface differences that this article quibbles over.

I still have never loved a phone more than I loved my original Moto X. It had a close to stock experience with several super helpful, minimalist modifications such as voice commands without powering on or unlocking the phone, gesture to open camera, and notifications that displayed when you picked up the phone.

Aaaand that's where the article went wrong. I do want stock Android. The following apps sit on my phone, taking up space without ever being used:. Yes, I really do want stock Android. To be fair, the Play Store and Play services are quite useful and I'd like to keep that, but my ideal phone would just allow me to deinstall all the other Google crap I'm never going to use.

I am using maps. I want to be able to choose which software package managers I want to install if any. I don't want a built in music app, I want to have the option to install whichever music app I enjoy most.

I don't want google movies or google books. Some people like google movies, they're still free to install the app. I want phones to be sold like a PC. I want to choose my operating system.

I want companies like samsung and realtek to release the drivers to use the radio in whichever flavor of linux I choose to install. I'm not going to get any of that anytime soon though.

That's bullshit actually, I don't want to get a phone then go hunting on the Play Store for an app that won't spy on me and crash all the time or be filled with ridiculous ads, just so I can play some music.

What I want is a fast launcher I don't care about features and few preinstalled apps. The rom on my Nexus 5X was fine, although I'm currently running a Pixel 2 rom.

Preinstall the play store, google keyboard, contacts, dialer, messages, camera, and chrome. I'll download gmail, youtube, or anything else I may want. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy.

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Chat on our IRC channel! Chat on our Telegram group! Hover for more info 1. Got used to the size after a week, don't think I''l ever be able to go back to a sub 5" screen.

None of that "we're gonna keep the width the same and just make the screen taller", please! And the droid DNA, and just about every new 5 inch p phone. They are all getting longer and not wider, which is excellent for grip.

Even the Note 2 is less wide than the original note, which makes it a bit easier to hold IMO. It also makes it look like a blown-up S3. After using iPhones for the last two years I never thought I'd enjoy these large-screen devices I'd been reading about.

Boy was I wrong. I do agree that the Note 2 is streets ahead of the original Note in terms of size. I'm not saying the Note II is a bad size, I have a few friends that absolutely love the thing.

I also had a friend return his because of 1-handed usability problems. There really isnt a better phone people that put lots of hours of use into phone. One of my friends used 37 gb of data on the tmo unlimited plan last month from watching netflix and playing games.

But it is a very big phone still compared to others. Here's a size comparison of the Note II vs a few other popular phones dimensions in mm, weight in grams:. My biggest concern when I was considering the Note II was, of course, pocket-ability.

For me, the most important dimension was the depth of the device, and since the Note II is about equal to my iPhone 4S 9. It's even slimmer than the Droid DNA in this regard. But yeah, I've really been enjoying this device since I got it in November.

I need to start exercising some self-control and put the damn thing down every once in a while: That's very close to 9: I googled it, and most sites said Correct me if I'm wrong though.

So I redid my math and it seems to be closer to Not exactly widescreen, but very close. Now you can't make a screen Most modern screen resolutions there are exceptions such as x use multiples of 16 for various reasons, including that 16x16 is the base block size in MPEG video encoding.

The One S was a flicker of hope, but so far apart from the Xperia V, nothing has been released in this size with useful specs. Rocking the Xperia Ion, screen 4. Rest of the specs ain't so bad either if you don't mind 2.

I even dislike amoleds in general. I don't want to spend my time noticing whether my screen is displaying white or black: And now you're praising those..

What about phones the same size but with screens bigger? There is a lot of bezel room on the old phones SGS1 and that is sort of what they did with the Nexus 4, because it has basically the same exact dimensions as the Galaxy Nexus.

I think that 4 to 4. Any bigger and you might as well get a tablet with a data plan. That's basically what I want, except that it has to make phone calls as well. Maybe a seven inch tablet with the stylus acting as a Bluetooth phone.

That would be amazing. Tablet doesn't go into your pocket as easily as a There is a substantial difference. BEZEL size matters more, and edge to edge display can be up to 4. I'm going to stick to my philosophy that as long as it fits inside my pocket, I'm good with it.

Screen real estate is so nice, especially as people are using their phone less and less for phone calls. Not sure what the maximum size for a normal pocket fit is, but I'm good with it.

Only had it for weeks so maybe my opinion will change once I get used to it. Although now I rarely use my Nexus 7 even though it still kicks ass. I didn't want a 4. Not horribly, but a little too big to use comfortably in one hand all the time.

I've gotten used to it, but it's still awkward sometimes. I don't regret buying the phone, but if they'd offered a smaller version I definitely would've gone for that instead. I've said it before and I'll say it again: I'd just as soon buy a 6" phone as a 5" phone, because at 5" I'm already giving up the usability that comes with a phone-sized phone.

I know a guy who uses a Galaxy Note II and swears he can use it one-handed. His hands are almost exactly the same size as mine yes, we compared. He uses some kind of handle-grip case that makes is easier, but still.

I seem to hold an unpopular opinion around here, but I really like the 3. Big ones aren't bad, I like the extra screen size sometimes, but for most stuff 3. This is the perfect size to replace my tablet as well and have all my apps in one single Android.

I do lots of things on my phone - note taking, pictures, reading, redditing etc etc. Doing those on a 4" screen is a killer. I want a N7 with no bezel and super thin. I have no problem answering calls with ear-buds.

Really tired of carrying devices. It's difficult to answer over 5. The Note 2 is the perfect compromise between screen size and feel in the hand for me, but the question is whether, with better screen coverage and bevel trickery, a bigger screen size could be achieved without compromising comfort.

I'm sometimes tempted by huge phones but then I realize how pointless it'd be since i already have a 7 inch tablet. It looks nice too. The Note or anything 5' or larger is just too big to be beautiful.

I have a GS3 but 5 inches would be my limit. Give me more screen real estate. I love my 4. Then again I have huge hands. Now that I own a tablet I no longer require the large screen that I have on the note.

Since I do all my major reading on my tablet, the smaller size of the phone would make it much more portable and better for use as an music player at the gym etc. I didn't like how heavy, big and unweildy is the Galaxy Note 1, or the 2 either.

Coments:

23.01.2018 Tem :

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06.02.2018 Fenrigis :

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